Storm News
[Index][Aussie-Wx]
Australian Weather Mailing List Archives: Monday, 26 July 1999

    From                                           Subject
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
001 Sam Barricklow [k5kj at pulse.net]                Ham Radio?
002 Matt Smith [disarm at braenet.com.au]             Ham Radio?
003 Michael Bath [mbath at ozemail.com.au]            fogbow / NE NSW obs
004 Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]        New record low for Orbost
005 Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.  High, Snow, etc
006 Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.  [Fwd: Re: [WX-CHASE] evapotranspiration]
007 Anthony Cornelius [cyclone at flatrate.net.au]    High, Snow, etc
008 Paul_Mossman at agd.nsw.gov.au                    Re: Question re Weather21 data/charts & Gen Ob.s
009 "Marty" [martyp at dynamite.com.au]               Interview with Steve Simons
010 Anthony Cornelius [cyclone at flatrate.net.au]    [Fwd: Re: [WX-CHASE] evapotranspiration]
011 Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]        cold in Queensland
012 Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]        Extreme heat in China
013 Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.  Snow Conditions...
014 Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]        Dry Winter
015 Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.  High, Snow, etc
016 "Patrick Tobin" [pdtobin at hotmail.com]          Dry Winter
017 "Patrick Tobin" [pdtobin at hotmail.com]          Snow - Aust and NZ
018 Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]        Snow - Aust and NZ
019 "Paul Graham" [v_notch at hotmail.com]            AMOS, August Scientific Meeting, Macquarie University...
020 "Paul Graham" [v_notch at hotmail.com]            AMOS, Weatherwatch group, talk on Snow presented by Laurier 
021 wbc at ozemail.com.au (Laurier Williams)          Snow - Aust and NZ
022 "Paul Graham" [v_notch at hotmail.com]            AMOS, Weatherwatch group, talk on Snow presented by Laurier 
023 wbc at ozemail.com.au (Laurier Williams)          New Aussie (well, NZ really) snow site
024 Andrew Wall [astroman at chariot.net.au]          ASWA Weekly Newsletter
025 Phil Bagust [paisley at cobweb.com.au]            Funnel Cloud
026 Jacob [jacob at iinet.net.au]                     Big temperature difference
027 "Michael Thompson" [michaelt at ozemail.com.au]   Dry Winter
028 "John Graham" [gorzzz at one.net.au]              Ham Radio?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
001

Date: Sat, 24 Jul 1999 15:13:45 -0500
From: Sam Barricklow [k5kj at pulse.net]
Organization: Home Page http://www.k5kj.net/
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To: Aussie Weather [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Ham Radio?
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Are there any Aussie storm chasers who are also ham radio operators?

OBTW, how is Michael Thompson?  I've sent several e-mails to Michael
with no response.

Please answer direct to my e-mail address.  I unsubscribed during chase
season and don't have the instructions to re-subscribe.

Sam K5KJ

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002

X-Sender: disarm at mail.braenet.com.au
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Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 01:29:38 +1000
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Matt Smith [disarm at braenet.com.au]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Ham Radio?
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com


>Are there any Aussie storm chasers who are also ham radio operators?

I am not one as yet, im not sure if anyone here is, but i know a few of us
are looking at getting CB radio's for the "End of year chase" that is
happening here in NSW/QLD.
Anyway im off to bed, night!
>
>OBTW, how is Michael Thompson?  I've sent several e-mails to Michael
>with no response.
>
>Please answer direct to my e-mail address.  I unsubscribed during chase
>season and don't have the instructions to re-subscribe.
>
>Sam K5KJ
>
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>
>
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003

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Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 08:29:24 +1000
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Michael Bath [mbath at ozemail.com.au]
Subject: aus-wx: fogbow / NE NSW obs
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Hi all,

There was some discussion about unusual rainbows a while back - have a look
at the fogbow on this page:
http://gordonr.simplenet.com/9498/jun_jul99.htm
to this image:
http://gordonr.simplenet.com/9498/10_fogbowb.jpg

Has anyone observed these?


Observations from Wollongbar 8.30am: partly cloudy with strong S winds,
gusting to about 40 knots. Scattered cumulus. 22mm overnight after 48mm to
9am yesterday. Only reached a max of 13.2 on Saturday, so similar to the SE
QLD cold.

cheers, Michael

 ============================================================
 Michael Bath  Wollongbar, N.Rivers NSW  mbath at ozemail.com.au
        http://australiansevereweather.simplenet.com/
             http://www.lightningphotography.com/
               http://www.severeweather.asn.au/
 ============================================================
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004

From: Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]
Subject: aus-wx: New record low for Orbost
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com (Aussie Weather)
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 10:15:26 +1000 (EST)
Cc: h.stern at bom.gov.au
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Orbost has set a new all-time record low this morning with a reading
of -3.2, breaking the previous record of -3.1 set on 5 July 1957.

Whilst this is the only record-breaking low as far as I can tell, 
other low readings include -4 (rounded) at East Sale (possibly lowest
since 1982), -7.6 at Omeo (third lowest of the 1990s, but well short
of the station record of -11.7), and, further north, -13 at Charlottes
Pass.

Blair Trewin
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005

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 10:33:25 +1000
From: Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.au]
Organization: Telstra Strategy & Research
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To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: High, Snow, etc
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Lindsay wrote:
> 
> What influences are causing such big and strong Highs to remain so low
> on the continent this year?

[snip]

After watching patterns for the last 20-odd years, then 
recently discovering some research papers about the Antartic 
Circumpolar Current with it's periodic behaviour described
as the Antartic Circumpolar Wave, I strongly believe that
more research about this will confirm the strong influence
that the ACC exerts upon the pattern of weather systems
affecting the southern portion of Australia. However, the 
ACC does not operate in isolation. It's influence cannot
be considered to be the complete picture for our snowfall
potential. That will only emerge when all coupled 
atmospheric-oceanic circulatory systems are considered
on a global scale.

Michael Scollay       mailto:michael.scollay at telstra.com.au
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006

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 10:54:45 +1000
From: Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.au]
Organization: Telstra Strategy & Research
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To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: [Fwd: Re: [WX-CHASE] evapotranspiration]
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
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"W.A. (Bill) Webb" wrote on Sun, 25 Jul 1999 11:09:53 +1000:

[snip]  
> I think in the overall scheme of things, what is growing on the land is
> largely irrelevant.
  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[snip]    

The correct word(s) to replace "largely irrelevant" is 
"coupled" and I would go as far to say "strongly coupled".
In this discussion, we are neglecting radiation / absorption
characteristics of land, water, ice, cloud (at different 
levels), vegetation and man-made stuff descibed by "albedo" 
and other parameters that all feed into the coupling of the 
solar-driven water cycle etc. A myriad of examples exist 
concerning the destruction of forests etc. and the affect
that this has on climate.

Michael Scollay       mailto:michael.scollay at telstra.com.au
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007

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 11:04:46 +1000
From: Anthony Cornelius [cyclone at flatrate.net.au]
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Hi Michael,

I've heard quite a few things about the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, but
nothing concrete or overly useful - do you have any URL's or information on
it?

Thanks,
Anthony Cornelius

Michael Scollay wrote:

> Lindsay wrote:
> >
> > What influences are causing such big and strong Highs to remain so low
> > on the continent this year?
>
> [snip]
>
> After watching patterns for the last 20-odd years, then
> recently discovering some research papers about the Antartic
> Circumpolar Current with it's periodic behaviour described
> as the Antartic Circumpolar Wave, I strongly believe that
> more research about this will confirm the strong influence
> that the ACC exerts upon the pattern of weather systems
> affecting the southern portion of Australia. However, the
> ACC does not operate in isolation. It's influence cannot
> be considered to be the complete picture for our snowfall
> potential. That will only emerge when all coupled
> atmospheric-oceanic circulatory systems are considered
> on a global scale.
>
> Michael Scollay       mailto:michael.scollay at telstra.com.au
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>  -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------

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008

From: Paul_Mossman at agd.nsw.gov.au
X-Lotus-Fromdomain: NSW_AG
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 11:04:14 +1000
Subject: aus-wx: Re: Question re Weather21 data/charts & Gen Ob.s
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com



Howdy all. To answer Peter's question (of the other day) re: where Weather21 get
their info. They get those charts and most of their data from the BOM.

Still breezy here though with 25mm being received for the weekend (with heavy
rain falling this morning when I left).

Brings yearly total now to well over 1200mm which is way better then last year (
it was 900mm). And it was freezing rain with large drops (as I had to Referee in
it ....and it was most uncomfortable).

Paul at Port Macquarie.


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009

From: "Marty" [martyp at dynamite.com.au]
To: "Aussie Weather Mailing List" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Interview with Steve Simons
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 11:11:45 +1000
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Hi guys & gals,

There will be an interview with forecaster from the Sydney Bureau of
Meteorology, Steve Simons tomorrow morning (Tue 27 July 99) at 10:05am on ABC
Classic FM.

The discussion will cover the development of weather-observing satelites, and no
doubt, other interesting topics.

Cheers!

Marty.
Brisbane, Australia
martyp at dynamite.com.au
Images of Canberra: http://www2.dynamite.com.au/martyp
Lightning Photos: http://www2.dynamite.com.au/martyp/lightning
ICQ: 11790565

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010

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 11:18:19 +1000
From: Anthony Cornelius [cyclone at flatrate.net.au]
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To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: [Fwd: Re: [WX-CHASE] evapotranspiration]
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Hi all,

While I'm no botanist, nor have any qualifications in this field (past Grade
11/12 biology) I personally believe that on the macroscale of things, that
thousands of acres of a certain type of vegetation, having a different
evapotranspiration property to that of another type of vegetation would
eventually change the moisture content in the air.  I guess the crux of the
initial email was that, one would expect that moist air from the sea (say it
has a DP of 77F/25C) would lose begin to lose moisture to its surrounding
environment.  However, as it travells over thousands of kilometres, and if much
of that is vegetation with high evapotranspiration rates - then it could
sustain the high DP as it travels over land (thus enhancing moisture advection)
and possibly even increase the moisture.  When you get to DP's in the high
70's/mid 20's then even a slight increase in moisture, can drastically change
how a parcel of air would potentially rise through the atmosphere, and increase
your CAPE values.

Does anyone have any exact figures, or know where to get figures on how much
water different types of vegetation emit?  If I could be so bold to use a
hypothetical and somewhat crude example - if a field of corn receives
1000mm/yr, and even if half of that runs off, and the other half goes into the
soil, of which some would then add to the underground water tables (which would
most likely be pumped up for irrigation) then the evaporation in the field,
could easily be an overall 1mm/day - that is, if there was one acre of corn,
then the amount of evaporation would be equivalent to 1mm of water spread
evenly across the field.  All of this moisture would be collected by winds, and
could possibly add to the moisture content of the air.  I know this is a very
simplistic example - but its logic is sound (I hope!)

Anthony Cornelius

John Woodbridge wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> Merely to comment on this, I suggest that it is not entirely accurate. The
> process of Osmosis essentially drives fluid up a plant.  In some plants,
> e,g., members of the Araceae family, Osmotic pressure is sufficiently high
> to cause fluid to actually drip out of the leaves.  Anyone who doubts this
> may visit our Office where we have a particularly large Dieffenbachia
> Amoena, the leaves of which drip so profusely for 3 or 4 days after
> watering, that small puddles manifest beneath the leaf tips on the carpet.
>  I have observed similar behaviour in both Philodendron and Alocasia
> species.  Quite clearly moisture loss in these species at least, is greater
> than that due to evaporation alone.
>
> Some other interesting facts...  A mature Eucalypt uses some 100..120
> litres of water a day on average.  6,000  trees on a 100 acre block have
> the capacity to extract in excess of 200 million litres of water per year
> from the water table.  The contribution to atmospheric moisture from large
> forested areas is therefore considerable.
>
> John.
>
> >snip
>
> Plants do not "pump" water from ground to atmosphere. The process is driven
> by evaporation, and is called evapotranspiration. Hence, while plants have
> means to restrict water loss from the surface of their leaves (some are
> better at it than others), they cannot lose moisture at a rate greater than
> evaporation. The amount of water a plant transpires under zero moisture
> stress is governed by the green leaf area exposed to the atmosphere and
> radiation.
>
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011

From: Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: cold in Queensland
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 11:23:28 +1000 (EST)
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> 
> The 3 pm Saturday temps in SE Queensland seemed very low -in Bundaberg
> it was 13 - top temp in Maryborough and Brisbane 14 - was this unusually
> cold - do any locals or Blair with his data base have any details ?
> don w

Brisbane actually ended up coming in with a 24-hour max of 16 (not sure
if this was set late on Saturday afternoon or at 0900 Sunday). Even
14 is well short of the record, which is between 10 and 11 at each of
the three main Brisbane region sites (Brisbane Airport, the old
Regional Office site, and Amberley). Bundaberg's record is also 10.

(Caveat here - the Brisbane 10s were set in the 1940s and 1950s, when
the observation day would have been midnight-midnight - so like is not
quite being compared with like - but there is an 11.7 from 1965 which
was definitely on an 0900-0900 day).

Blair Trewin
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012

From: Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]
Subject: aus-wx: Extreme heat in China
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com (Aussie Weather)
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 11:26:22 +1000 (EST)
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I noticed that, if the small print of the paper is to believed,
Beijing reached 41 on Saturday - this would be a record if it is 
accurate (previous record is 40). It's been a very hot summer there.
(Their summer temperature regime is normally pretty similar to 
Brisbane's).

According to the NWS web site, they reached 38 yesterday, with 
afternoon dewpoints of 14 - lower than I'd normally expect for the
Chinese coast in summer. I don't know anything about local rainfall
anomalies, but would not be surprised if it has been dry in this
region (although I notice there are problems with flooding of the
Yangtze again this year).

Blair Trewin
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013

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 12:21:09 +1000
From: Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.au]
Organization: Telstra Strategy & Research
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (X11; I; SunOS 5.5.1 sun4m)
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To: Aussie Weather [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Snow Conditions...
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

I've been asked by one to describe the snow conditions in the 
Perisher Valley and thought the more would be interested:

I honestly had one of the best skiing weekends in my 20-years
of skiing Aussie-snow. There was only a few areas not opened
at Perisher-Blue, mainly the black runs from the Ridge in Blue
Cow and The Olympic run on Back Perisher (only because the 
lift run needed some work). The weather was perfect, clear 
skies (except for a little snow on Sunday morning) and little
or no wind. We never waited more than about 3 mins in a lift
queue which was surprising considering how full the car park
was. Did a lot of skiing on Saturday, some 40+ runs and less 
on Sunday as we had to leave early. To make it perfect; open 
the whole resort, put 20cm of fresh powder all over and put 
some more snow on the E/NE/N/NW sides. My usual skiing is 
had in foul weather and strong winds so it was a blessing
to have such fine, cold weather and nice snow even though
I am a powder-snow-black-run lover.

Snow cover is weird, to say the least. Below 1700m, it gets
really thin which affects the bottom of the Ridge run at Blue
Cow. Also, the NE/N/NW slopes are very thin which tells a 
story of most snow falling in strong W/NW winds. E/SE/S/SW 
slopes boast an excellent cover which made the skiing so good.
Hard packed on the weekend with a light, dry top. Really easy
to ski and very fast. Temp stayed cold for most of the weekend.
Mt. Perisher was easily the best skiing with a lot of snow
on top for a change, probably > 1.5m. Down low, there's about 
1m thinning to less than 0.2m on the poor sides. Flat areas
might have 0.2m to 0.5m with the middle slopes above 1800m
having in well excess of 2m in many parts. The biggest rocks 
are showing and the odd smaller ones in thin, exposed areas.
I would say there is more snow on the middle slopes than in 
the best week of 1998 (W3 August). The Main Range looks great.

Given a spate of warm weather, all exposed areas will lose
any snow and that will cut off access between many runs.
Resort operators have established snow fences in many key
access areas but that may not be enough. If warm weather
persists as predicted this week, that will be very 
disappointing. We need more snow to fall in calmer weather 
from the SE/S/SW to cover up the flat areas and thinner 
slopes on the NE/N/NW sides.

To sum up: Very uneven cover, thin in flat areas and on
NE/N/NW slopes, medium to heavy on other slopes. Also,
thin below 1700m becoming heavier above 1800m. I think that
Perisher-Blue-Guthega got the lion's-share of snowfall so
far. Also, Charlotte Pass is very good. Thredbo would
be OK high up, but I hear that they got only about half 
of the snowfall that Perisher recorded last week. In 
Victoria, Mt Hotham and Falls Creek are the pick. Remaining
resorts are pathetic with less than 0.5m reported. Watch
those lower slopes as they are really thin.

Michael Scollay       mailto:michael.scollay at telstra.com.au
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014

From: Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Dry Winter
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 12:22:10 +1000 (EST)
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> 
> Hi all,
> 
> I notice that Canberra so far is running at well under
> 50% of July average rainfall - with little prospect
> of getting any more before the end of the month.
> 
> Blair's comments about Melbourne's weather (or lack of)
> combined with the almost invisibility of any other
> Victorians on the list - are there any other Victorians
> on the list?? - made me a bit more curious as to how
> winter was going elsewhere.
> 
> The BOM has an interesting new page titled
> "Southern Wet Season to date" which displays rain from
> 1 April to date.
> 
> The address is:
> http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/rainmaps/pseason1a.shtml
> 
> The picture is a dry one. Apart from an area in the
> Pilbara, W Cape York and E Arnhem Land and tiny bits
> of Nthn NSW and SE Qld coast, the rest of the country
> is well below average.
> 
> I would say two thirds of the country has received
> less that 40% of normal rainfall since April. Things
> must be looking a bit ominous in the Vic, SA and parts
> of NSW and Darling Downs winter cropping areas.

The % of normal is actually comparing the current total with
the normal for the full season (1 April to 30 November) - so the
expected value in most regions would be about 50%, perhaps higher 
in those regions which are at their driest in August-October (like
a lot of northern NSW and Queensland). The maps are therefore a 
bit misleading - I'll suggest that they are changed to % of expected
for seaosn so far (or, if that's too difficult, % of expected up
until end of current month).

> I hope I am wrong but perhaps it won't be too long
> before the "D" word starts to gain currency.

In parts of western SA it already is (although in my opinion anyone
trying to grow wheat in western SA and expecting a decent crop more
than one year in two is asking for trouble). Melbourne is also very
dry - at present it doesn't make a lot of difference, but it means that
the water storages aren't getting fully replenished in winter, which
in turn might well set us up for water restrictions in summer if the
spring is dry.

Blair Trewin

> Patrick
> 
> 
> ______________________________________________________
> Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
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015

Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 12:29:05 +1000
From: Michael Scollay [michael.scollay at telstra.com.au]
Organization: Telstra Strategy & Research
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (X11; I; SunOS 5.5.1 sun4m)
X-Accept-Language: en
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: High, Snow, etc
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Anthony Cornelius wrote:
> 
> Hi Michael,
> 
> I've heard quite a few things about the Antarctic Circumpolar 
> Wave, but nothing concrete or overly useful - do you have any 
> URL's or information on it?

I wish I had more. Most of what I've gathered comes from 
tracking authors and research papers from;

http://www.dkrz.de/clivar/homep.html

Literally a web of information. A lot of really conclusive 
stuff is yet to come and/or published but I think that there
is enough conclusive results to infere that the ACC is but one
of the major factors influencing the nature of Aussie-weather,
particularly in the south.

[snip]

Michael Scollay       mailto:michael.scollay at telstra.com.au
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016

X-Originating-Ip: [210.8.224.2]
From: "Patrick Tobin" [pdtobin at hotmail.com]
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Dry Winter
Date: Sun, 25 Jul 1999 20:07:36 PDT
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Thanks Blair for straightening me out,

If it is too hard to change the maps (although
I think it would be really useful if they could be
changed in the way you suggest), the ambiguity could also
be resolved by just adding a couple of words to indicate
that the per centages shown relate to the expected
rain for the TOTAL or FULL season rather than just that
part of the season up to the current date.

Patrick
> >
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I notice that Canberra so far is running at well under
> > 50% of July average rainfall - with little prospect
> > of getting any more before the end of the month.
> >
> > Blair's comments about Melbourne's weather (or lack of)
> > combined with the almost invisibility of any other
> > Victorians on the list - are there any other Victorians
> > on the list?? - made me a bit more curious as to how
> > winter was going elsewhere.
> >
> > The BOM has an interesting new page titled
> > "Southern Wet Season to date" which displays rain from
> > 1 April to date.
> >
> > The address is:
> > http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/rainmaps/pseason1a.shtml
> >
> > The picture is a dry one. Apart from an area in the
> > Pilbara, W Cape York and E Arnhem Land and tiny bits
> > of Nthn NSW and SE Qld coast, the rest of the country
> > is well below average.
> >
> > I would say two thirds of the country has received
> > less that 40% of normal rainfall since April. Things
> > must be looking a bit ominous in the Vic, SA and parts
> > of NSW and Darling Downs winter cropping areas.
>
>The % of normal is actually comparing the current total with
>the normal for the full season (1 April to 30 November) - so the
>expected value in most regions would be about 50%, perhaps higher
>in those regions which are at their driest in August-October (like
>a lot of northern NSW and Queensland). The maps are therefore a
>bit misleading - I'll suggest that they are changed to % of expected
>for seaosn so far (or, if that's too difficult, % of expected up
>until end of current month).
>
> > I hope I am wrong but perhaps it won't be too long
> > before the "D" word starts to gain currency.
>
>In parts of western SA it already is (although in my opinion anyone
>trying to grow wheat in western SA and expecting a decent crop more
>than one year in two is asking for trouble). Melbourne is also very
>dry - at present it doesn't make a lot of difference, but it means that
>the water storages aren't getting fully replenished in winter, which
>in turn might well set us up for water restrictions in summer if the
>spring is dry.
>
>Blair Trewin
>
> > Patrick
> >
> >
> > ______________________________________________________
> > Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
> >  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
> >  To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail 
>to:majordomo at world.std.com
> >  with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of 
>your
> >  message.
> >  -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
> >
>
>  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>  To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com
>  with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your
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>  -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
>


______________________________________________________
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017

X-Originating-Ip: [210.8.224.2]
From: "Patrick Tobin" [pdtobin at hotmail.com]
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: Snow - Aust and NZ
Date: Sun, 25 Jul 1999 20:31:45 PDT
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Thanks Michael for your report - all seems not
totally lost for 99.

Actually I note the US models are gradually
upgrading the intensity of the change forcast
for late this week - hopefully that will
continue.

Has anyone heard anything of the cold outbreak
over NZ? I recently checked on the VUW site.
At 12.55pm NZ time today, Christchurch had 5.7,
Invercargill was 6 and Dunedin was 3.8.
Other than Dunedin (almost), the other cities, whilst
coolish don't seem to be in spectacularly
cold territory.

Patrick


______________________________________________________
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018

From: Blair Trewin [blair at met.Unimelb.EDU.AU]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Snow - Aust and NZ
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 14:42:55 +1000 (EST)
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23]
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

> 
> Thanks Michael for your report - all seems not
> totally lost for 99.
> 
> Actually I note the US models are gradually
> upgrading the intensity of the change forcast
> for late this week - hopefully that will
> continue.
> 
> Has anyone heard anything of the cold outbreak
> over NZ? I recently checked on the VUW site.
> At 12.55pm NZ time today, Christchurch had 5.7,
> Invercargill was 6 and Dunedin was 3.8.
> Other than Dunedin (almost), the other cities, whilst
> coolish don't seem to be in spectacularly
> cold territory.
> 
> Patrick

The coldest air looks like making its presence felt during tonight.
According to CNN Invercargill was reporting 0 and mixed rain and snow
at 1100 local time, so it may be a situation with marked temperature
fluctuations as they go in and out of showers.

With a high expected to be wedged SE of the South Island in the next
few days, it strikes me that things are set up nicely for a repeat of
the July 1996 extreme cold spell in the lower South Island, especially
if there is enough snow after tonight to maintain a cover. (In 1996,
high pressure following snow resulted in a period of several days -
not sure how many - in which high pressure remained stationary over
a snow cover, with several days in a row at Invercargill with maximum
temperatures near or below 0 and minima getting down to -9 (this is
a coastal site, remember) - and even colder conditions inland). I'll
be interested to follow developments this week.

Melbourne distinguished itself today by actually having a night with
below-average temperatures (3), the first since June 27. Still
waiting for a below-average maximum, though (and will be waiting 
until at least Friday by the look of the models).

Blair Trewin
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019

X-Originating-Ip: [210.84.13.86]
From: "Paul Graham" [v_notch at hotmail.com]
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: AMOS, August Scientific Meeting, Macquarie University...
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 00:42:22 PDT
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Notice of the August Scientific Meeting for AMOS:
25 August 1999 - Macquarie University, Sydney, 7:30 pm
Guest Speaker: Professor Martin A. Green, Director Photovoltaics Special 
Research Centre, University of NSW School of Electrical Engineering.  Topic: 
  "Silicon Solar Cells: From the Lab to the Rooftops of the World"

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS: FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE ROOFTOPS OF THE WORLD



                                 Martin A. Green

                          Photovoltaics Special Research Centre

                            University of New South Wales

                              Sydney, Australia, 2052

                   Telephone: (61-2) 9385-4018 Facsimile: (61-2) 9662-4240



                                 ABSTRACT

Over the last 15 years, the UNSW Photovoltaics Centre has led the world in 
improving the performance of laboratory
silicon solar cells and in transferring these improvements into commercial 
production. Notable achievements include holding
the world record for cell efficiency since 1983 (presently 24%), supplying 
cells for winning solar cars such as the Honda
Dream in the World Solar Challenge, and in having its technology established 
as the most successfully commercialized
photovoltaic technology developed over the last 15 years, now dominating the 
European market, in particular.

This talk will discuss issues ranging from how a solar cell can be made to 
work better to the activities of the Centre's latest
"spin-off", Pacific Solar Pty. Ltd., a joint venture between leading 
utility, Pacific Power, and Unisearch Ltd., UNSW's
commercial arm. Pacific Solar's mission is to develop cheap thin-film solar 
cells seen "across the rooftops of the world".
Worldwide developments in the "grid-connected" residential use of 
photovoltaics will be described including Australia's
contribution via the Sydney 2000 Olympic Village.



                                THE SPEAKER


Martin Green was born in Brisbane, Australia and educated at the University 
of Queensland and then McMaster University,
Canada. He is currently Professor of Electrical Engineering at the 
University of New South Wales, Sydney and Director of
the Centre for Photovoltaic Devices and Systems. His group's contribution to 
photovoltaics is well known internationally and
has been acknowledged by several awards including the IEEE William R. Cherry 
Award for "outstanding contributions to
photovoltaics science and technology". Professor Green is a Fellow of the 
Australian Academy of Science, the Australian
Academy of Technological Sciences & Engineering and the Institute of 
Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Martin Green is the author of three books on solar cells, several book 
chapters, numerous reports and conference papers,
and over 150 papers in international refereed journals in the area of 
semiconductor properties, microelectronics and solar
cells.


**********************************************************************
It would be appreciated if this e-mail could be forwarded to as many 
intereted persons as possible.
**********************************************************************

Paul Graham
Sydney AMOS Committee.
paul at marconi.mpce.mq.edu.au
Ph. 98882527


______________________________________________________
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020

X-Originating-Ip: [210.84.13.86]
From: "Paul Graham" [v_notch at hotmail.com]
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: AMOS, Weatherwatch group, talk on Snow presented by Laurier Williams...
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 00:52:03 PDT
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

This is a notice to all interested people of a discussion about "Weather and 
Snowfalls in the [NSW] Mountains", presented by Laurier Williams.  This is 
an informal meeting and anyone with an interest in snow is encouraged to 
attend.  Light refreshments will be provided.

Venue:  Macquarie University (off the M2), North Ryde, room E5A143.
Time: Wednesday, 28th, July (next wednesday), 7:30pm.

For more information, you may contact myself, Paul Graham, on 98882527 or 
e-mail paul at marconi.mpce.mq.edu.au.  Look forward to seeing you there.


______________________________________________________
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
021

From: wbc at ozemail.com.au (Laurier Williams)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Snow - Aust and NZ
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 07:52:23 GMT
X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.5/32.452
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

On Sun, 25 Jul 1999 20:31:45 PDT, "Patrick Tobin"
 wrote:

>Thanks Michael for your report - all seems not
>totally lost for 99.
>
>Actually I note the US models are gradually
>upgrading the intensity of the change forcast
>for late this week - hopefully that will
>continue.
>
>Has anyone heard anything of the cold outbreak
>over NZ? I recently checked on the VUW site.
>At 12.55pm NZ time today, Christchurch had 5.7,
>Invercargill was 6 and Dunedin was 3.8.
>Other than Dunedin (almost), the other cities, whilst
>coolish don't seem to be in spectacularly
>cold territory.
>
The Met Co site has raw obs at
http://www.metservice.co.nz/forecasts/observations.asp, but the
3-hourly synoptic reports don't look encouraging. 

Invercargill at 06z (18.00 local time) was temp 5.2, dew point 2.4,
wind SW 22 knots and 1mm in the past 6 hours. 

Taiaroa Head (out from Dunedin) temp 4.0, wind 260/28, cont mod rain,
0.7mm past 6 hours

Nugget Point (halfway between Invercargill and Dunedin) 5.0, 190/43
knots, 15mm in past 6 hours

Queenstown temp 0.3, dp -0.7, 0.2mm past 6 hours.

The latest forecast is:

For Canterbury: Occasional showers with some hail. Snow developing
above 300
                    metres.

                    For Otago and Southland: Wintry showers. Snow
above 100 metres with 15 to
                    20cm likely by the end of the day above 300 metres
in Southland and about the
                    Catlins. Showers becoming lighter tomorrow.

-- 
Laurier Williams
Australian Weather Links and News
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~wbc/
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022

X-Originating-Ip: [210.84.13.86]
From: "Paul Graham" [v_notch at hotmail.com]
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: AMOS, Weatherwatch group, talk on Snow presented by Laurier Williams...
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 00:57:43 PDT
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Parking at Macquarie University:
please don't forget that parking at Macquarie University costs $1/hour or $4 
for the day or night.  You have to purchase your ticket from one of the 
machines first and park in zones which the machines cover (eg, E7B or E6A 
carparks).
Cheers,
Paul.


>From: "Paul Graham" 
>Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
>To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
>Subject: aus-wx: AMOS, Weatherwatch group, talk on Snow presented by 
>Laurier Williams...
>Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 00:52:03 PDT
>
>This is a notice to all interested people of a discussion about "Weather 
>and
>Snowfalls in the [NSW] Mountains", presented by Laurier Williams.  This is
>an informal meeting and anyone with an interest in snow is encouraged to
>attend.  Light refreshments will be provided.
>
>Venue:  Macquarie University (off the M2), North Ryde, room E5A143.
>Time: Wednesday, 28th, July (next wednesday), 7:30pm.
>
>For more information, you may contact myself, Paul Graham, on 98882527 or
>e-mail paul at marconi.mpce.mq.edu.au.  Look forward to seeing you there.
>
>
>______________________________________________________
>Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
>+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com
>with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your
>message.
>-----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------


______________________________________________________
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023

From: wbc at ozemail.com.au (Laurier Williams)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: New Aussie (well, NZ really) snow site
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 07:59:35 GMT
X-Mailer: Forte Agent 1.5/32.452
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Rob Davies, at Victoria Uni, Wellington, NZ, has carried out his
threat, and now has forecast charts for SE Oz snowfall at
http://www.geo.vuw.ac.nz/~robd/snowoz.html. They're actually useful
for more than just snow, showing forecast freezing level and
precipitation amounts as well. He also has a second set of charts at
http://www.geo.vuw.ac.nz/~robd/tempoz.html which show predicted
surface temps, as well as predicted lapse rates for the same area. 

The predictions are based on the US WAFS model, and there's an
explanation of how it all happens right at the bottom of
http://www.geo.vuw.ac.nz/~robd/snownz.html


-- 
Laurier Williams
Australian Weather Links and News
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~wbc/
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024

X-Sender: astroman at chariot.net.au
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.1
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 17:51:04 +0930
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Andrew Wall [astroman at chariot.net.au]
Subject: aus-wx: ASWA Weekly Newsletter
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Hi There,
Welcome to the very first edition of the Australian Severe Weather Association (ASWA for here on in) online newsletter.  I hope you all enjoy it and any thought or comments can be send to " Kathryn Jolly at astroman at chariot.net.au "
Happy reading
THE ASWA INC WEEKLY NEWSLETTER  -  Issue 1
The ASWA Inc is here to provide a platform for discussion into severe weather, research and education.  Alot has been written about about Australia's severe weather in the past and you can view many differents stories of people's experience with the weather in the offical ASWA magazine "Storm News".  Discussion about the latest weather and also two great places to learn from are the aus-wx mailing list and also #weather on the au.austnet servers.  Both places are filled with people who are eager to help teach others about all aspects of meterology and to share their experiences.
Membership into the ASWA Inc is $30 a year (with access to the Bureau of Meterology's radar and a quarterly subscription to "Storm News) or if you don't wish for radar $20 a year (with the quarterly subscription to "Storm News" still remaining.)  Once becoming a member you will be able to attend State Meetings and planned functions and also have the chance to buy an ASWA T-shirt in either polo or round neck styles.   If you would like to join you can visit the ASWA Inc website at http://www.severeweather.asn.au/ and fill in an online application form or get in contact with your State Rep.  All details can be found at the website.
General News
Annual General Meeting (AGM)
The Annual General meeting is to be held on the 31st July
The Encore at Riverside
Cnr Market St and Church St Parramatta park in the street
Date Saturday 31 July
Time 6:00pm for drinks meeting begins at 7pm
$29.50 per head 5 choice of Entre Main and Dessert. (Money paid to the resturant and drinks separate).
Dress: Casual
What do we bring: you can bring along your photo albums if you wish and possibly video
The main thing here is that it would be a good idea to be able to know what numbers we are dealing with. So if you are intending to come, please notify me if you have not done so yet. This includes if you are bringing friends or a partner. Visitors and members are invited to attend...
Planned timetable for the meeting
6:00 - 7:00 pm Drinks
7:00 - 8:00 pm Meeting
8:00 - 8:45 pm Meal
8:45 - 9:30 pm Elections
9:30 - 10:00pm Drinks
If you would like to contact me, my details are jimmyd at ozemail.com.au ph 96271943
Photo Competiton
Mondy 16th of July is the last day for submission of photos for the ASWA Inc. photo competition. Currently we do not have even one photo of snow :(
Does anyone have a snow photo? Its not too late. Thank you for individual submissions on hail and frost. I would dearly love to include at least one snow photo in this  months selection.
The theme for submissions is ---- Hail, Snow and Frost on the ground/buildings/trees/cars etc.
So if you have a photo that you are particularly proud of that falls into this category please submit it to webmaster at severeweather.asn.au by the 26th of July
1. If sending the images by email, convert the images to "JPG" format and keep them under 100 kb in size.
2. Make the image 400 pixels in width. (I will except larger ones and re-scale them to fit but they must be under 100kb's in size)
3. Include your Name, Postal address, Email (if you have one), The location and date the photo/photos where taken, short description of the weather that day (as you remember it) and (if possible) the camera type, film type and camera settings.
Winners of each months competition will be included in the following years ASWA Inc. calendar and the three top photos will be placed into "ASWA Inc. Photo Hall Of Fame"
For any more information on the submission details please
look at the description page at
http://www.severeweather.asn.au/photo/
And while your there you might like to vote for this months
contenders if you haven't already done so.
Birthdays
On behalf of the ASWA Inc I would like to say "Happy Birthday" to both Michael Fewings (designer of the ASWA Inc website) and Jacob Aufdemkampe (aus-wx mailing list founder) who both celebrated their birthdays last Wednesday July 21st.
I hope that you both had a great day.
Also I would like to wish a very Happy Birthday to Andrew Wall (SA/NT State Rep) who will celebrate his birthday this coming Wednesday July 28th.   I hope you have a good day.
Do you know of anyone's birthday that is coming up? If so send me an email and I will add it to this section!!!
Websites
http://www.afreegreetingcard.com/postcards/newpage519.shtml a email card site from Nasa has great weather and space photos
State News
If anything has happened in your state for the week, ie went to an ASWA state function or, if you just want to mention what the weather was like for the week, or even if you have had a new member join, you can send it to me and I will add it to your State's section.
South Australia - Northern Territory
Next meeting will be held on the Friday August 12, at the Hoyts Cinema Complex Cafe, Norwood starting at 8pm.
Victoria - Tasmania
Next meeting will be held on the Saturday August 7, at the Pancake Parlour in Doncaster.  From 9am onwards
New South Wales
Next meeting for NSW is the AGM on July 31st. See AGM section for final details.
For those in Sydney, I would like you to take note of the following weatherwatch meeting. The ASWA members in Sydney are working in close association with the Weatherwatch group and had a good showing at the last meeting on the Sydney Hailstorm. Now here is your chance to meet Laurier Williams on the list. (Sorry Laurier)
AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
A.M.0.S. SYDNEY CENTRE WEATHERWATCH GROUP
The Next Meeting of the A.M.0.S. Weatherwatch Group will be held on WEDNESDAY 28TH of JULY 1999 at 730pm(19:30) in Room 143 of Building E5A at Macquarie University. Building E5A is on the left of Eastern Road, near carpark E3 or E4. Please remember to have change of up to $4 for the car park machines.
The Subject is "Weather and Snowfalls in the Mountains" and we have invited Mr. Laurier Williams to introduce the subject and begin the discussion. This will be an informal meeting with continuous refreshments, and members records, particularly of snow, low temperatures, or winter storms, are to be encouraged.
Jimmy Deguara
Queensland
Next meeting will be held on Saturday August 7, starting at 10.00am at Unit 9/14 Argon St. Sumner.
Western Australia
All future Western Australian meetings will be held at -
Victoria Park Recreation Centre  - located at Kent st and Glouster st in between Albany Hwy and Berwick st Vic Park.
The meetings will be held in the board room. Let whoever is at the desk that you are there for the ASWA meeting and they will give you directions to the boardroom. I'll keep an eye out for everyone anyway. The meeting will start at 5:00pm on Saturday August the 7th.
This place has been booked each month so meetings will be held here on the first Saturday of every month starting at 5.00pm
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 -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------

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025

X-Sender: paisley at mail.cobweb.com.au
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 18:19:07 +0930
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Phil Bagust [paisley at cobweb.com.au]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Funnel Cloud
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com

Hi all,

For anyone interested, I just posted the funnel cloud shots I took north of
Adelaide on the 15th of this month off to Michael at 'ASWA central', not
all of them turned out, but a few did.  The funnel is very clear.

Hope you enjoy them when they appear.

Phil, from a 'fine and mild one day, fine and mild the next' Adelaide

Phil 'Paisley' Bagust
paisley at cobweb.com.au
www.cobweb.com.au/~paisley


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026

X-Sender: jacob at iinet.net.au
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 16:53:45 +0800
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Jacob [jacob at iinet.net.au]
Subject: aus-wx: Big temperature difference
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com


Just looking at the WA 9am and 3pm weather bulletins and noticed a huge
temperature difference on the south coast in the Eucla division of WA. The
town of Eyre had a minimum of 1C overnight, by 9am it was up to 17C with
gusty NW winds, and the maximum up to 3pm was 28C. This happens quite often
in Spring, but would be pretty rare in July.

Jacob



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027

From: "Michael Thompson" [michaelt at ozemail.com.au]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Dry Winter
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 21:06:36 +1000
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2014.211
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It is pretty scary just what low annual rainfalls they grow wheat in  some
parts of SA and WA. When I went across Australia in 1994 there was wheat
fields at the town of Nullarbor, almost at the head of the Great Australian
Bight, we are talking 200-300mm annual average. In WA wheat is grown almost
as far east as Southern Cross, again getting down towards 250mm -300mm
rainfall. It all hinges on the reliability ( relatively ) of their winter
rainfall - lots of showery weather although not huge downpours like NSW-QLD.

Michael

> The % of normal is actually comparing the current total with
> the normal for the full season (1 April to 30 November) - so the
> expected value in most regions would be about 50%, perhaps higher
> in those regions which are at their driest in August-October (like
> a lot of northern NSW and Queensland). The maps are therefore a
> bit misleading - I'll suggest that they are changed to % of expected
> for seaosn so far (or, if that's too difficult, % of expected up
> until end of current month).



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028

From: "John Graham" [gorzzz at one.net.au]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Ham Radio?
Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1999 19:48:43 +1000
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----- Original Message -----
From: Sam Barricklow [k5kj at pulse.net]
To: Aussie Weather [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Sent: Sunday, July 25, 1999 6:13 AM
Subject: aus-wx: Ham Radio?


> Are there any Aussie storm chasers who are also ham radio operators?
>
> OBTW, how is Michael Thompson?  I've sent several e-mails to Michael
> with no response.
>
> Please answer direct to my e-mail address.  I unsubscribed during chase
> season and don't have the instructions to re-subscribe.
>
> Sam K5KJ
>
Hi Sam,

The only radios I use at the moment are 27Mhz & 477mhz C.B radio........I
use an Kenwood TS120S to listen (hehehe) & I'm thinking of going for my
novice ticket (if I can get through the morse....)
Is there a weather/storm chaser net on 20mts etc.??????....If so, can you
give me the frequency & times you're on it so I can have a listen.
Thanks
John from Ballina (Northern N.S.W) Email gorzzz at one.net.au
P.S If you talk on 11mts, you can find me on 27.355 LSB or 27.555 USB ,when
conditions allow.....my callsign on 27Mhz is 43IR124
See Ya

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Document: 990726.htm
Updated: 04 August 1999

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