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Storm News
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Australian Weather Mailing List Archives: Wednesday, 3 November 1999 |
From Subject
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
001 John Woodbridge [jrw at pixelcom.net] Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
002 "John Graham" [gorzzz at optusnet.com.au] ha ha ha
003 "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com] Re Doppler effect and strong winds conning the
004 "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com] elcome Leslie
005 Harald Richter [spatz at atmos.albany.edu] Re Doppler effect thanks Leslie (fwd)
006 Chris Maunder [cmaunder at mail.com] ha ha ha
007 Chris Maunder [cmaunder at mail.com] Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
008 Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au] Re: Welcome Leslie
009 Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au] Dry Winds and Allergy...
010 "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com] Re Doppler effect and strong winds conning the
011 Paul_Mossman at agd.nsw.gov.au Wet start to November
012 "Jane ONeill" [cadence at rubix.net.au] Melbournites - look out your window!
013 "Jane ONeill" [cadence at rubix.net.au] Dry Winds and Allergy...
014 "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com] Re: Welcome Leslie
015 "Nandina Morris" [nandina at alphalink.com.au] Melbournites - look out your window!
016 "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com] Re Doppler effect thanks Leslie (fwd)
017 "Andrew McDonald" [mcdonald at one.net.au] Melbournites - look out your window!
018 "Ben Tichborne" [tich at netaccess.co.nz] What's happened to Laurier William's site?
019 astroman [astroman at chariot.net.au] ASWA Newsletter
020 John Woodbridge [jrw at pixelcom.net] ASWA Newsletter
021 "Dane Newman" [dpn at bigpond.com] What's happened to Laurier William's site?
022 wbc at ozemail.com.au (Laurier Williams) What's happened to Laurier William's site?
023 "Keith" [kevans at kisser.net.au] Perth Storms
024 Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au] Dry Winds and Allergy...
025 Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au] Chilly Central Tablelands
026 "Michael Thompson" [michaelt at ozemail.com.au] Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
027 astroman [astroman at chariot.net.au] ASWA Fortnightly Newsletter - 14 Part 1
028 astroman [astroman at chariot.net.au] ASWA Fortnightly Newsletter - 14 Part 2
029 "Jane ONeill" [cadence at rubix.net.au] Bendigo newspaper article
030 Chris Maunder [cmaunder at mail.com] Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
001
From: John Woodbridge [jrw at pixelcom.net]
To: "'aussie-weather at world.std.com'" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: RE: aus-wx: Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 22:41:02 -0000
Organization: Pixel Components Pty Ltd
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Hi Michael.
I have recently purchased the Pentax MZ-50 combination and so far I am very
happy with the performance and results. The auto focus isn't as sharp as I
would like, but you can always switch to manual (I find best is to zoom in,
focus, then zoom out for sharpest result). The range of options including
choice of auto program modes on this camera is quite breathtaking, and a
huge advance over my old Pentax ME-Super. Particularly useful in full auto
mode, there is simple button click increase/decrease override in exposure,
conveniently located next to the shutter - great for adjusting those sunset
photos.
John.
-----Original Message-----
From: Michael Thompson [SMTP:michaelt at ozemail.com.au]
Sent: Tuesday, 2 November 1999 21:32
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
I have been looking at a few entry level SLR cameras over the last few days
I am surprised how much you can get for your dollar these days. My Nikon FA
and Nikkor 35-105mm lens is like carting a house brick around to and from
work, so I was looking at a second camera and leave the Nikon for serious
colour slide work.
I though the group may be interested in the prices and specs of three what
I
see as very good SLR's
Pentax MZ-50 with 28-80 Zoom $499 ( Can get $459 in Sydney ). Has fully
auto, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority or manual, plus some program
modes. Faster flash syn speed compared to the Minolta. Like most of these
cameras the lens is not particularly fast at F4.5, even my Nikkor 35-105mm
is a couple of stops faster ( but also costs more then this whole kit ).
There are several lens options with the MZ50 such as a faster and wider
range Sigma zens for about $50 more.
Minolta 404Si .$499. This one seems to have hit the shelves only 3-4
months
ago. It really has my interest as it offers a lot for the money. Again the
lens is a 28-80 zoom with F4.5 minimum F stop.( or do they say maximum ).
Like the Pentax there is Aperture and shutter priority and manual, plus
several program modes such as action, landscape, etc. Has two metering
options, the normal pattern metering that's averages seven individual
segments of the view ( in the middle ), or spot metering which is a storm
chasers friend. By spot metering you can expose by pointing the camera
exposure thingy at the exact spot you want to expose for, such as bright
cloud. You can then lock the exposure and take the picture of the subject,
even if you move. This helps sort those dark green grass vs white Cb towers
photos, where the dark grass leads to overexposed clouds. Another nifty
feature is exposure bracketing. You have just seen the tornado shot of your
life and want to make certain that the exposure is correct, by using
exposure bracketing the 404si will take three pics the middle will be at
the
metered exposure, the first half an exposure setting fast ( darker ), the
last half an exposure setting fast ( lighter ). On the down side the flash
syn speed is nothing to brag about.
Canon 4000 EOS $369. Up you saw right a SLR under $400, in fact I saw it in
Sydney for $339. That is retail, the duty free takes it below $300. I have
not read any reviews yet and winder what the catch is, especially as it is
combined with a Canon ( yes canon ) 28-80mm zoom. I think however it is
really slow at F5. Don't know about what modes it does, but probably at
least program. It also is manual !!! which is better for storm chasers who
like to experiment. There is a shutter speed knob on top of the camera so I
know it has B ( for lightning ) and a top of 1/2000 sec.
It may be worth holding off for a few weeks as the sub $400 price may make
some brands review there prices.
Regards
Michael Thompson
http://thunder.simplenet.com
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002
From: "John Graham" [gorzzz at optusnet.com.au]
To: "IRDX Mailing List" [irdx at MailingList.net]
"Aussie Weather"
Subject: aus-wx: ha ha ha
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 01:23:24 +1100
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I know this isn't related to the mailing lists I'm on, but I had to send
it.....it's too good to keep to myself!!!
John
This is a true story from the Word Perfect help line. Needless to say, the
help desk employee was fired. However, the ex-employee is currently suing
the Word Perfect organization for "termination without cause." This is from
the taped conversation leading up to the dismissal.
"Word Perfect Technical Desk, may I help you?" "Yes, well, I'm having
trouble with Word Perfect."
"What sort of trouble?"
"Well, I was just typing along, and all of a sudden the words went away."
"Went away?"
"They disappeared."
"Hmm. So what does your screen look like now?"
"Nothing."
"Nothing?"
"It's blank; it won't accept anything when I type."
"Are you still in Word Perfect, or did you get out?"
"How do I tell?"
"Can you see the C: prompt on the screen?"
"What's a sea-prompt?"
"Never mind. Can you move the cursor around on the screen?"
"There isn't any cursor; I told you, it won't accept anything I type!"
"Does your monitor have a power indicator?"
"What's a monitor?"
"It's the thing with the screen on it that looks like a TV."
"Does it have a little light that tells you when it's on?"
"I don't know."
"Well, then look on the back of the monitor and find where the power cord
goes into it. Can you see that?"
"Yes, I think so."
"Great. Follow the cord to the plug, and tell me if it's plugged into the
wall."
"...Yes, it is."
"When you were behind the monitor, did you notice that there were two cables
plugged into the back of it, not just one?"
"No."
"Well, there are. I need you to look back there again and find the other
cable."
"Okay, here it is."
"Follow it for me, and tell me if it's plugged securely into the back of
your computer."
"I can't reach it."
"Uh huh. Well, can you see if it is?"
"No."
"Even if you maybe put your knee on something and lean way over?"
"Oh, it's not because I don't have the right angle, it's because it's dark."
"Dark?"
"Yes-the office light is off, and the only light I have is coming in from
the window."
"Well, turn on the office light then."
"I can't."
"No? Why not?"
"Because there's a power outage."
"A power...a power outage? Aha, okay. We've got it licked now. Do you still
have the boxes and manuals and packing stuff your computer came in?"
"Well, yes, I keep them in the closet."
"Good. Go get them, and unplug your system and pack it up just like it was
when you got it. Then take it back to the store you bought it from."
"Really? Is it that bad?"
"Yes, I'm afraid it is."
"Well, all right then, I suppose. What do I tell them?"
"Tell them you're too stupid to own a computer."
_________________________________________________________
John Graham
Email: gorzzz at optusnet.com.au or gorzzz at yahoo.com
Member of the Australian Severe Weather Assoc. (ASWA)
ASWA Homepage http://www.severeweather.asn.au/
ICQ# 25440353
Snail Mail : P.O.Box 1072
Ballina 2478 N.S.W
Australia
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003
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 09:33:27 -0500
From: "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Re Doppler effect and strong winds conning the
radar??
To: "INTERNET:aussie-weather at world.std.com" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
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Anthony:
I wanted to let you know that I have not forgotten and will answer your
post. I have just been swamped since I received you message. So, it is
coming....hopefully today for me and tonight for you!
Les
************************
Leslie R. Lemon
Radar, Severe Storms, & Research Meteorologist
Phone: 816-373-3533
E-Mail: lrlemon at compuserve.com
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004
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 09:43:36 -0500
From: "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx:Welcome Leslie
To: "INTERNET:aussie-weather at world.std.com" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Cc: "Leslie R. Lemon" <102177.2336 at compuserve.com>
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Thanks Jimmy:
I hope I can be of assistance in the future. BTW, I also wanted to mention
that I have not forgotten Anthony's post that he forwarded. I will answer
that soon but as I told him I have been swamped since receiving it.
But thank you again for the welcome. As far as being an expert, as the old
saying goes, an expert is a drip under pressure, so please don't classify
nor think of me as such! I am simply someone who, hopefully can contribute
occasionally.
Les
************************
Leslie R. Lemon
Radar, Severe Storms, & Research Meteorologist
Phone: 816-373-3533
E-Mail: lrlemon at compuserve.com
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005
From: Harald Richter [spatz at atmos.albany.edu]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Re Doppler effect thanks Leslie (fwd)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com (Australian Severe Weather Association)
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 15:33:09 +0000 (GMT)
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Dearest ASWA,
Les Lemon wrote really good stuff:
#You are welcome. However, I did look up the Grafton local radar (as
#indicated by Mark Hardy, at:
#) and found it,
#as I recall, to be a 74 S-band radar. Because it is an S-band radar, the
#attenuation should be on the order of 0.1 db per km (one way).....or only a
#minor attenuation except along the axis of the line itself. Thus, it may
#be necessary to consider some of the other possibilities I suggested. I
#guess the bottom line is that I would probably need to see the image and
#know more of the particulars to attempt to better answer the question.
#Sorry, I hope I have not confused the issue!
First, I find the radar discussion to be a very fruitful thread. We ought
to know much more about what we are looking at when we look at radar
images. A few bits of extra knowledge here might allow a chaser/meteorologist
to separate a promising storm from a pretender, although both
look "red".
I there someone on this list who could dig up a few basics on the radars used
operationally around Australia? Are they all 10cm S-band animals or
are there different radars at different sites? How does the "rain scale"
relate to the (base?) reflectivity? Can the radars be run in different
sensitivity modes?
Harald
--
------------------------------------------------------
Harald Richter
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
State University of New York at Albany
1400 Washington Avenue
Albany, NY 12222
phone: (518) 442-4273 fax: (518) 442-4494
spatz at atmos.albany.edu
http://www.atmos.albany.edu/facstaff/spatz/spatz.html
------------------------------------------------------
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006
X-Sender: chris at webone.com.au
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Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 10:15:32 +1100
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Chris Maunder [cmaunder at mail.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: ha ha ha
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Normally I'm really against off-topic posts, but I saw this one 2
years ago and have not been able to find it since. Thank you!! :)
Chris
At 01:23 AM 11/3/99 +1100, you wrote:
>I know this isn't related to the mailing lists I'm on, but I had to send
>it.....it's too good to keep to myself!!!
>John
>
>This is a true story from the Word Perfect help line. Needless to say, the
>help desk employee was fired. However, the ex-employee is currently suing
>the Word Perfect organization for "termination without cause." This is from
>the taped conversation leading up to the dismissal.
>
>"Word Perfect Technical Desk, may I help you?" "Yes, well, I'm having
>trouble with Word Perfect."
>"What sort of trouble?"
>"Well, I was just typing along, and all of a sudden the words went away."
>"Went away?"
>"They disappeared."
>"Hmm. So what does your screen look like now?"
>"Nothing."
>"Nothing?"
>"It's blank; it won't accept anything when I type."
>"Are you still in Word Perfect, or did you get out?"
>"How do I tell?"
>"Can you see the C: prompt on the screen?"
>"What's a sea-prompt?"
>"Never mind. Can you move the cursor around on the screen?"
>"There isn't any cursor; I told you, it won't accept anything I type!"
>"Does your monitor have a power indicator?"
>"What's a monitor?"
>"It's the thing with the screen on it that looks like a TV."
>"Does it have a little light that tells you when it's on?"
>"I don't know."
>"Well, then look on the back of the monitor and find where the power cord
>goes into it. Can you see that?"
>"Yes, I think so."
>"Great. Follow the cord to the plug, and tell me if it's plugged into the
>wall."
>"...Yes, it is."
>"When you were behind the monitor, did you notice that there were two cables
>plugged into the back of it, not just one?"
>"No."
>"Well, there are. I need you to look back there again and find the other
>cable."
>"Okay, here it is."
>"Follow it for me, and tell me if it's plugged securely into the back of
>your computer."
>"I can't reach it."
>"Uh huh. Well, can you see if it is?"
>"No."
>"Even if you maybe put your knee on something and lean way over?"
>"Oh, it's not because I don't have the right angle, it's because it's dark."
>"Dark?"
>"Yes-the office light is off, and the only light I have is coming in from
>the window."
>"Well, turn on the office light then."
>"I can't."
>"No? Why not?"
>"Because there's a power outage."
>"A power...a power outage? Aha, okay. We've got it licked now. Do you still
>have the boxes and manuals and packing stuff your computer came in?"
>"Well, yes, I keep them in the closet."
>"Good. Go get them, and unplug your system and pack it up just like it was
>when you got it. Then take it back to the store you bought it from."
>"Really? Is it that bad?"
>"Yes, I'm afraid it is."
>"Well, all right then, I suppose. What do I tell them?"
>"Tell them you're too stupid to own a computer."
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
>John Graham
>Email: gorzzz at optusnet.com.au or gorzzz at yahoo.com
>Member of the Australian Severe Weather Assoc. (ASWA)
>ASWA Homepage http://www.severeweather.asn.au/
>ICQ# 25440353
>Snail Mail : P.O.Box 1072
>Ballina 2478 N.S.W
>Australia
>
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> -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
>
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007
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Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 10:14:08 +1100
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Chris Maunder [cmaunder at mail.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Thanks for that Michael.
One thing I'm careful of when buying cameras for outdoor/storm
photography is to make sure it's robust and has as few electronics
as possible. Just a personal foible I guess, but when the poor
camera is getting pounded by hail/dust/rain the last thing I want
to see is "Goodbye cruel world" flash up on an LCD panel before
the camera departs for a better place :)
cheers,
Chris
At 10:32 PM 11/2/99 +1100, you wrote:
>I have been looking at a few entry level SLR cameras over the last few days
>I am surprised how much you can get for your dollar these days. My Nikon FA
>and Nikkor 35-105mm lens is like carting a house brick around to and from
>work, so I was looking at a second camera and leave the Nikon for serious
>colour slide work.
>
>I though the group may be interested in the prices and specs of three what I
>see as very good SLR's
>
>Pentax MZ-50 with 28-80 Zoom $499 ( Can get $459 in Sydney ). Has fully
>auto, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority or manual, plus some program
>modes. Faster flash syn speed compared to the Minolta. Like most of these
>cameras the lens is not particularly fast at F4.5, even my Nikkor 35-105mm
>is a couple of stops faster ( but also costs more then this whole kit ).
>There are several lens options with the MZ50 such as a faster and wider
>range Sigma zens for about $50 more.
>
>Minolta 404Si .$499. This one seems to have hit the shelves only 3-4 months
>ago. It really has my interest as it offers a lot for the money. Again the
>lens is a 28-80 zoom with F4.5 minimum F stop.( or do they say maximum ).
>Like the Pentax there is Aperture and shutter priority and manual, plus
>several program modes such as action, landscape, etc. Has two metering
>options, the normal pattern metering that's averages seven individual
>segments of the view ( in the middle ), or spot metering which is a storm
>chasers friend. By spot metering you can expose by pointing the camera
>exposure thingy at the exact spot you want to expose for, such as bright
>cloud. You can then lock the exposure and take the picture of the subject,
>even if you move. This helps sort those dark green grass vs white Cb towers
>photos, where the dark grass leads to overexposed clouds. Another nifty
>feature is exposure bracketing. You have just seen the tornado shot of your
>life and want to make certain that the exposure is correct, by using
>exposure bracketing the 404si will take three pics the middle will be at the
>metered exposure, the first half an exposure setting fast ( darker ), the
>last half an exposure setting fast ( lighter ). On the down side the flash
>syn speed is nothing to brag about.
>
>Canon 4000 EOS $369. Up you saw right a SLR under $400, in fact I saw it in
>Sydney for $339. That is retail, the duty free takes it below $300. I have
>not read any reviews yet and winder what the catch is, especially as it is
>combined with a Canon ( yes canon ) 28-80mm zoom. I think however it is
>really slow at F5. Don't know about what modes it does, but probably at
>least program. It also is manual !!! which is better for storm chasers who
>like to experiment. There is a shutter speed knob on top of the camera so I
>know it has B ( for lightning ) and a top of 1/2000 sec.
>
>It may be worth holding off for a few weeks as the sub $400 price may make
>some brands review there prices.
>
>Regards
>
>
>
>Michael Thompson
>http://thunder.simplenet.com
>
>
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> -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
>
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http://www.codetools.com
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008
Date: Tue, 02 Nov 1999 13:52:22 -0800
From: Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au]
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win16; I)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: Re: Welcome Leslie
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Hi Leslie,
It's great to have you on board. I think one of the great things about
this list is we all have one thing in common, a love of the weather.
That a number of us (me included) have basically, mere introductory
level knowledge compared to others that have much greater knowledge, is
merely a matter of course rather than a matter to curse.
Lindsay Pearce
Leslie R. Lemon wrote:
> I have recently joined this group. As my signature entry testifies, I >am a long time (30 years) radar, severe storms, and research >meteorologist. My research and that of two colleagues at the US >National Severe Storms laboratory in Norman, OK, lead to the NEXRAD >program. I joined industry and designed and developed much of the >WSR-88D (NEXRAD) system. This very brief background is supplied in >order to comment on your question.
> Finally, since I joined this group I have been impressed with the >knowledge and enthusiasm of its members; you all are to be >congratulated on both. Thank you for permitting me to attempt to >contribute something of possible value.
> Les
> ************************
> Leslie R. Lemon
> Radar, Severe Storms, & Research Meteorologist
> Phone: 816-373-3533
> E-Mail: lrlemon at compuserve.com
>
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009
Date: Tue, 02 Nov 1999 13:34:36 -0800
From: Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au]
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win16; I)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Dry Winds and Allergy...
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Thanks Michael,
Marion and I appreciate your comments. Her dad is a plant pathologist
and is pretty good with this stuff but he is getting on now (retired,
lost his wife to cancer recently etc) so we didn't want to bombard him
with too many questions on such things. Even today my eyes are sore and
i'm a bit headachy. I spend quite a few days outside (contract mail
work) so this adds to my allergies, I'd say. It's funny because the only
other time in my life I can remember being affected by allergy was when
i lived in Mildura, another dry place, if ever there was one.
And yes, Blackheath being high on a quite narrow ridge, would I imagine,
enhance the effect of those dry north west winds.
Thanks again,
Lindsay Pearce
Michael Scollay wrote:
>
> Lindsay wrote:
> >
> > Hey,
> >
> > I was wondering if anybody knows of a connection with altitude and
> > allergy. Both my partner and I get pretty strong allergy up here in
> > Blackheath and I haven't really had a problem with such things until I
> > moved here. Symptoms are basically headache/sinus pain type stuff and
> > other townsfolk have told me they get it too, and its seemingly more
> > prevelant here than in other towns. Anyway, maybe it could be the amount
> > of pines we have up here but has the thinner air and dry winds got
> > anything to do with it?
>
> I know what you are experiencing but I cannot vouch for your allegen.
> I found mine (in Katoomba) was the humble rye grass husk dust and
> pollen (to a lesser degree) that would be worse when strong NW winds
> occured during spring and summer. How I used to almost pray for those
> SE mists to roll in from off the Tasman Sea instead of the Western
> slopes and plains...Over the years, I've become less allergic to
> these particular allergens, but I would like to point out from my
> exerience with this;
>
>
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010
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 19:10:44 -0500
From: "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Re Doppler effect and strong winds conning the
radar??
To: "INTERNET:aussie-weather at world.std.com" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
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Anthony:
Your message is a long one but I will try to add a few things as I go
through some of it. You will also note that for the purposes of this
discussion I deleted much of it, but not because it was 'bad'.
Perhaps someday I can come to Australia. I give a two-day, 16-hour seminar
to mostly TV metes and private meteorologist who must use conventional and
Doppler weather radar and who must discriminate between severe and non
severe convective storms as well as identify the severe weather threats
using radar. One of the topics covered is radar theory where I deal with
the subjects below.
Anthony Cornelius stated the following:
> Hi all,
>
deletia......
> Essentially, the question (how I personally interpreted it was) why does
> some areas under (for example) yellow intensity on one day, receive much
> more higher totals then another area on a completely different day (with
> different atmospheric conditions) which still showed a very similar
> radar reflectivity pattern.
>
> There are a plethora of variables that need to be taken into account,
> one of these was already brought up previously. That is wind speed,
> strong, squally winds often have a dramatic effect on the total of
> rainfall, as the rain gauge no long becomes a proper representative area
> (ie, it is now possibly too small to give an accurate measure of
> rainfall). Certainly, this could explain some instances, but have been
> a host of incidences that I know of where winds have only been generally
> light at the surface.
I believe you refer to at least two things here but there are more that
apply......one is the fact that in very heavy rainfall the often-used
'tipping bucket' gauges can underestimate by up to 40%. The second fact is
that 'wind shielding' of the rain gauge itself can also cause very
significant rainfall underestimates. Another area of concern is "below
beam affects" which deal with the unobserved air space beneath the "radar
horizon". While the radar beam does curve downward to an extent owing to
refraction, the earth drops of more quickly beneath it such that at the
nominal low-level scan of 0.5 degrees, the beam center line is (in english
units) at ~ 5000 ft above ground level (AGL) at 55 nautical miles (nm),
7,500 ft at 75 nm, 10,000 ft at 90 nm, and finally about 18,000 ft (500 mb)
at 125 nm (230 km). At 460 km the beam center is ~ 21 km AGL and the beam
itself is 8 km wide! Thus, it can be seen that there are large air spaces
that are not observed beneath even the lowest elevation scans. Much can
happen to descending precip. in that unobserved airspace including
evaporation, coalescence, and horizontal motion . Another factor is the
distribution of vertical motions. If the beam is scanning areas occupied
by updraft where echo is present, there will almost always be a sizable
radar rain overestimate. But for areas occupied by down draft there will
be an underestimate even for the same "reflectivity" (or the backscattered
power intercepted by the scanning radar antenna). Then there is also the
calibration of the radar to be concerned with. Even a 1 to 3 db drift in
the calibration can amount to an 8% to 30% bias in the rain rate estimates.
Calibration errors of this magnitude and larger are not uncommon depending
on frequency and methods of radar calibration. Finally, the last factor I
will mention (but there are more) is the "ZR" relationship. That is the
reflectivity to rainfall rate mathematical expression. That expression has
an exponential term, a multiplicative factor, and an adjustable
constant.....three variables. The ZR relationship can vary by three orders
of magnitude in one storm. Thus, note that your reflectivity scale is
shown in mm of rainfall but, in reality, these are extremely questionable
labels due to all the factors mentioned above and more!
> Before we can continue, it is critical to note that only rain events and
> coastal showers will be used as examples (because these are the events
> that appear to be where radar 'underestimates.') Again, another
> important factor is the fact that 90-95% of coastal showers are intense,
> small droplets of rain. Thunderstorms, on the other hand generally have
> very large drops of rain (however there can be, and are at times
> exceptions to this.) Thunderstorms also tend to appear on radar, fairly
> representative of the actual rainfall received, coastal showers and rain
> events however do not. I have personally been in coastal showers that
> have had 100mm+/hr rainfall rates and have not shown well on radar (even
> what appears to be fairly widespread rates).
The radar equation is a complicated expression dealing with a large number
of radar and other variables. But the basic assumptions are that the beam
is uniformly filled with liquid precipitation and that all the scatterers
are particles that are less than about 1/16 the radar wavelength (or what
are called "Rayleigh" scatterers). Note that at about 120 km from the
radar and for a 1.5 degree beamwidth, the beam is ~ 3 km wide and that at
230 km the beam is ~6 km wide. Thus, the assumption of uniform filling is
not a good one except very near the radar. We also assume that the degree
of atmospheric absorption is known between the radar target and the radar
itself. That is a good assumption. Further, often the precip aloft can be
snow or ice. Hail is obviously not liquid, although a 'mushy' or
significantly wet hailstone is 'seen' by the radar as a very large water
drop. The attempt is determine the "radar cross section" of the targets.
Ultimately, all this boils down to the fact that if the assumptions are
met, the degree of backscattered power (radar reflectivity) is a function
of the product of the number of particles within the radar pulse volume,
times the diameter of the particles raised to the 6th power.
Note that the diameter of the precip particles is the dominant term in
radar reflectivity. For example, one 1/4 inch rain drop will reflect the
same amount of power (have the same reflectivity) as sixty four 1/8 of an
inch drops! There is a whole lot more water in the sixty four 1/8 inch
drops than in the single 1/4 inch drop. In tropical or stratiform rain
the drops are small, where as in the extratropical showers or
thunderstorms, the drops tend to be large, at times even up to 7 mm in
diameter. It is for this reason that even though the reflectivity in
tropical storms is only moderately high (up to ~ 50 dBZ), the rains can be
torrential with near zero visibility but in thunderstorms over the interior
land, the same reflectivity will often limit visibility only slightly and
only light to perhaps moderate rain rates may be observed.
> Given this above information, lets look into how radar works. Radar
> works on a method of reflectivity, that is, it shoots a microwave beam
> out into the sky, and then measures the amount of reflectivity that is
> received, and thus corresponds to the different intensities of radar.
> So if no reflectivity is received, the radar/computer will read this as
> no precipitation. However, during this process of reflectivity, there
> are a myriad of variables that could possibly alter both the path of the
> microwaves to the precipitation and back to the radar dish. There are
> two main variables, the scattering of the radar beam by the droplets of
> rain, and the absorption of the radar beam by the rain droplets. The
> sum of both of these variables is referred to as the "attenuation." The
> attenuation is effected greatly by the intensity of rainfall, the
> greater the rainfall, the greater the attenuation.
Much of your above discussion, Anthony, and what I have deleted, deals with
attenuation. As I noted in what I mentioned in the earlier post,
attenuation is a function of rainfall intensity, the wavelength of the
radar being used, and the distance through this precipitation which the
beam must travel (both ways, out and back), that dominate attenuation. I
will not restate the details here.
I will not go into the differences in the "dielectric constant" of ice and
water (which also dominates returned power) nor the affects of hail on
microwave scattering at this time, except to say that hail often is not a
Rayleigh scatterer and that, although it can produce very high
reflectivities (pink and red on the display), much of the scattering can be
"forward scattering". This characteristic of large hail can permit its'
direct and unambiguous detection by radar. I have published a paper on
that subject and we can get into it at a later time if folks would like.
I hope this 'dissertation' is not too, too, technical and hope it is an aid
to understanding something about what goes into creating those colorful
radar displays. Please let me know how this 'dissertation' is understood.
> Well, I certainly believe that I have put in my 2c in this subject,
> anyone else care to do the same?
Anthony, indeed you did get your 2c in on the subject and it was very
evident that you learned and retained considerable knowledge from your
reading. Please don't misinterpret my deleting much of your discussion as
an indication that it was wrong. Yes, there was some misunderstanding and
weaknesses in your conclusions, but, by and large, it was an excellent
explanation of some facets of radar.
Les
************************
Leslie R. Lemon
Radar, Severe Storms, & Research Meteorologist
Phone: 816-373-3533
E-Mail: lrlemon at compuserve.com
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011
From: Paul_Mossman at agd.nsw.gov.au
X-Lotus-FromDomain: NSW_AG
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 10:18:44 +1000
Subject: aus-wx: Wet start to November
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
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Howdy all.
Hevay showers here at the moment on & off. 7.2mm rain received last night
between 4am & 5am in some heavy rain & very squally winds. Actually woke me from
being so heavy!
I love these days - heavy rain, then sun & then heavy rain again! Bit like
darwin really..................
Paul at Taree.
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012
From: "Jane ONeill" [cadence at rubix.net.au]
To: "Aussie Weather" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Melbournites - look out your window!
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 11:58:56 +1100
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If you haven't looked out your window recently and you're in Melbourne, I
suggest that you do!!
AcCas, TCu to the east, northeast & west!!!!!!!
-------------------------------------------------------
Jane ONeill
ASWA - Victoria
Australian Severe Weather Assocn (ASWA Inc.)
Melbourne Storm Chasers
Email: cadence at rubix.net.au
-------------------------------------------------------
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013
From: "Jane ONeill" [cadence at rubix.net.au]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Dry Winds and Allergy...
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 12:06:54 +1100
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>
>
> Thanks again,
>
>
> Lindsay Pearce
>
I have real problems with hayfever, but only when I'm in NSW - ryegrass is
also the main culprit with me. The thing that worked best for me (almost
instantaneously) is Avil Retard (not the straight Avil, but the stronger
one). You can buy them over the counter (well, you could last time I did)
but beware - if you do try it, take one at night - I can pop them like they
are sugar tablets (and have been for 20 years) but a friend tried one and it
knocked her out for 18 hours...so beware - but if they don't make you drowsy
(or unconscious) they work brilliantly (and if they make you drowsy, I'll
buy them from you )
Jane ONeill
Melbourne
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014
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 20:11:23 -0500
From: "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Re: Welcome Leslie
To: "INTERNET:aussie-weather at world.std.com" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
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Thank you, again, Lindsay. Yes, there is the common bond of love for the
weather....in particular, storms. With that, there is a world of weather
to be explored together.
Les
************************
Leslie R. Lemon
Radar, Severe Storms, & Research Meteorologist
Phone: 816-373-3533
E-Mail: lrlemon at compuserve.com
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015
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: "Nandina Morris" [nandina at alphalink.com.au]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Melbournites - look out your window!
Date: Wed, 03 Nov 99 12:26:05 PST
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I'm watching, Jane. They're getting bigger and bigger. Think I should put my washing out just yet?
Cheers,
Nandina
nandina at alphalink.com.au
----------
>
> If you haven't looked out your window recently and you're in Melbourne, I
> suggest that you do!!
> AcCas, TCu to the east, northeast & west!!!!!!!
>
> -------------------------------------------------------
> Jane ONeill
> ASWA - Victoria
> Australian Severe Weather Assocn (ASWA Inc.)
> Melbourne Storm Chasers
> Email: cadence at rubix.net.au
> -------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
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>
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016
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 20:55:46 -0500
From: "Leslie R. Lemon" [lrlemon at compuserve.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Re Doppler effect thanks Leslie (fwd)
To: "INTERNET:aussie-weather at world.std.com" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
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Harald and all:
> I there someone on this list who could dig up a few basics on the radars
used
> operationally around Australia? Are they all 10cm S-band animals or
> are there different radars at different sites? How does the "rain scale"
> relate to the (base?) reflectivity? Can the radars be run in different
> sensitivity modes?
Some of this is to be found in the previously mentioned
URL:. No, it
looks like there are three S-band and three C-band radars. In this URL the
beam blockage is also described as well as some of the more serious
limitations. We could probably guess how the rain scale relates to an
extent. However, most of these radars are rather old.....the 74's are
obviously about 26 years old. Their calibration stability is in question.
To my knowledge, the only two radars that do have two authentic separate
modes are the NEXRAD (WSR-88D), and its sister, the WSR-98D. Both have the
precip mode and the clear air mode. The clear air mode is about 7 dB more
sensitive than the precip mode. However, the trade off is in a reduced
volume scan and a much slower data acquisition rate. I am further
concerned about beamwidth and pulse depth for each of the Australian radars
as well as the three dimensional scanning of each, if in fact that is done
at all. In order to adequately diagnose the 3-D structure of the storms,
and thereby their severity, the radars must acquire frequent volume scans.
Finally, if I understand the nomenclature, these radars are rather low
power which limits their effectiveness to some extent. So, as you suggest,
it would be nice to know the characteristics of each radar. However, I do
not want to be overly critical either. Weather radars are expensive and
often governments must buy less than the best owing to the ever present
budget constraints.
Les
************************
Leslie R. Lemon
Radar, Severe Storms, & Research Meteorologist
Phone: 816-373-3533
E-Mail: lrlemon at compuserve.com
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017
From: "Andrew McDonald" [mcdonald at one.net.au]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Melbournites - look out your window!
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 12:58:01 +1100
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Hey all,
Well the law of the sacrifice does it again. We must always sacrifice one
chaser for the benefit of all others in order to get some storms. Chris
Gribben has gone to Darwin as a sacrifice to all of us severe SDS sufferers
in Victoria (not much of a sacrifice i know) and now storms are seeming
somewhat imminent. The BoM are going for showers this arvo in the W and
the NE ranges which is pretty much what looks to be going to happen. LI's
are not below 0 but are sitting between 0 and +3 indicating just showers
and not thunderstorms. NGP has a bit of precip. forecast for the W and NE
today too. Tomorrow will get a little more interesting with LI's taking a
brief dip below 0 tomorrow in the W and NE as the weak trough sits over
Vic. We could see some showers in the metro area later tomorrow with a
little more heating forecast and we should see some Cb's over the ranges
(hopefully the divide-only 30km to my N). Friday should see the storm
magnet himself - Clyve Herbert - being in perfect position for the best
activity in the lower W of the central district. LI's get down to around
-2 or so in the W around Colac with CAPE up to about 700j/kg. With heating
forecast to get up to about 28C things could be slightly more interesting
with some nice thunderstorms likely in that area as a trough deepens near
the W border. At the moment the BoM is forecasting rain and local
thunderstorms saturday and I have seen no LI's of CAPE figures yet but from
what I can gather this is what should happen. As a low pressure system is
forecast to form in the W of the state friday night into saturday which
will slowly move eastwards across victoria. This should see some nice
thunderstorms develop ahead of the low (while the wind is still NE'ly) but
rain areas are likely to develop after the wind swings around to the E and
then the SE. I think the Central and N and NE districts will see the best
action Saturday. I would expect LI's to get down to about -3 or -4 and
CAPE up to about 1000j/kg. As the low is forecast to move only slowly
across the state I would expect falls of up to 30mm in the south and 20mm
in north right across the state. Could be an interesting few days in
Victoria and as luck would have it my exams start monday next week which
means i should have my head burried in the books and not in the sky - but
priorities have taken over - hehehe.
Victorians should try and enjoy these few days of interesting weather
because the next lot is a fair way off. Probably not until next weekend
(not this one coming either).
Andrew McDonald
----------
> From: Jane ONeill
> To: Aussie Weather
> Subject: aus-wx: Melbournites - look out your window!
> Date: Wednesday, 3 November 1999 11:58
>
>
> If you haven't looked out your window recently and you're in Melbourne, I
> suggest that you do!!
> AcCas, TCu to the east, northeast & west!!!!!!!
>
> -------------------------------------------------------
> Jane ONeill
> ASWA - Victoria
> Australian Severe Weather Assocn (ASWA Inc.)
> Melbourne Storm Chasers
> Email: cadence at rubix.net.au
> -------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
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018
From: "Ben Tichborne" [tich at netaccess.co.nz]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: What's happened to Laurier William's site?
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 17:28:54 +1300
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It seems to be down today. Anyone know why?
Ben Tichborne
Christchurch
NZ
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019
X-Sender: astroman at mail.chariot.net.au
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Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 15:46:48 +1030
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: astroman [astroman at chariot.net.au]
Subject: aus-wx: ASWA Newsletter
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Hey There
I have had a few comments that people never received the newsletter that I
sent out on Sunday Night. I know it was fairly large, and therefore may
not have gone through the aus-wx mailing list.
Can those who did not receive it send me a quick email to
astrolady at netscape.net letting me know. If I get a fair few reply's I will
re-send it again via aus-wx in 2 parts. If not I will just pass the
newsletter on to those who personally replied.
Thanks for your time and co-operation.
Regards
Kathryn Jolly
P.S. Jimmy thanks for your email to the aus-wx list as well re the newsletter.
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020
From: John Woodbridge [jrw at pixelcom.net]
To: "'aussie-weather at world.std.com'" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: RE: aus-wx: ASWA Newsletter
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 15:37:28 -0000
Organization: Pixel Components
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keh? What newsletter? Please send a copy to jrw at pixelcom.net
John.
-----Original Message-----
From: astroman [SMTP:astroman at chariot.net.au]
Sent: Wednesday, 3 November 1999 15:17
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: ASWA Newsletter
Hey There
I have had a few comments that people never received the newsletter that I
sent out on Sunday Night. I know it was fairly large, and therefore may
not have gone through the aus-wx mailing list.
Can those who did not receive it send me a quick email to
astrolady at netscape.net letting me know. If I get a fair few reply's I will
re-send it again via aus-wx in 2 parts. If not I will just pass the
newsletter on to those who personally replied.
Thanks for your time and co-operation.
Regards
Kathryn Jolly
P.S. Jimmy thanks for your email to the aus-wx list as well re the newsletter.
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021
From: "Dane Newman" [dpn at bigpond.com]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: What's happened to Laurier William's site?
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 16:40:58 +1100
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Yeah Ben its down for me as well. Dane.
-----Original Message-----
From: Ben Tichborne [tich at netaccess.co.nz]
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Date: Wednesday, November 03, 1999 3:33 PM
Subject: aus-wx: What's happened to Laurier William's site?
> It seems to be down today. Anyone know why?
>
>Ben Tichborne
>Christchurch
>NZ
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022
From: wbc at ozemail.com.au (Laurier Williams)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: What's happened to Laurier William's site?
Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 08:17:27 GMT
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On Wed, 3 Nov 1999 16:40:58 +1100, "Dane Newman"
wrote:
>Yeah Ben its down for me as well. Dane.
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Ben Tichborne
>To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
>Date: Wednesday, November 03, 1999 3:33 PM
>Subject: aus-wx: What's happened to Laurier William's site?
>
>
>> It seems to be down today. Anyone know why?
>>
>>Ben Tichborne
>>Christchurch
>>NZ
Hi Folks. There's no reason it should be down, and I've just checked
(at 7pm EDST) and it's ok for me. But then, I'm dialling in through
Ozemail and my site is on Ozemail. I'd appreciate any further feedback
from non-ozemail clients.
I've tidied up the severe weather synoptic and AWS real-time obs.
There were many mis-timed duplicates after the change to DST on
Sunday, as the data is an amalgamation of both CMSS and FTP data from
the Bureau, and the programs dealing with these managed (or
mismanaged) DST differently :-( Things are now back to normal, but
note that *all* AWS reports, for all Australia, are on Eastern
Daylight Saving Time. I'll try to fix this, but it's not quite as
simple as it sounds.
--
Laurier Williams
Australian Weather Links and News
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~wbc/
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023
From: "Keith" [kevans at kisser.net.au]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Perth Storms
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 16:24:31 +0800
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Hi all
Just got off the phone to my mum in Perth and she just had
some pea-marble size hail in the Riverton area 12kms south of perth while
driving around, at about 3:30pm wst, also some flooding on the roads. Currently
pink on the Perth local loop in the Jandakot area and no advices out
yet.
Radar showing the hail storm
Regards Jason, looking forward to an average cyclone season
for the NW
Karratha WA
Karratha Weather Home URL http://www.kisser.net.au/kevans/weather
024
Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 10:25:34 -0800
From: Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au]
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win16; I)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Dry Winds and Allergy...
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
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Interesting, we just found a whole bunch of Rye Grass down the back of
our yard! :-)
Lindsay Pearce
Michael Thompson wrote:
>
> Like Michael S, I also share Rye grass as a allergen, apparently it is a
> common one, so it could be suspect.
>
> Michael
>
> > I suffer from either dust or pollen allergies (I haven't had a full
> > diagnosis), especially in the spring. Canterbury spring weather is often
> > dominated by warm, dry northwesterly winds, so there's quite probably a
> > connection.
> >
> > Ben Tichborne
> > Christchurch
> > NZ
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-----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
025
Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 10:45:23 -0800
From: Lindsay [writer at lisp.com.au]
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win16; I)
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Subject: aus-wx: Chilly Central Tablelands
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
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For those that are interested:
The maximum temp readings at my place for Mond/Tues/Wed are as follows;
Monday 12.8, Tuesday 9.6, Wednesday 8 (Midday reading).
Its been pretty chilly in Blackheath of late, for November. Readings do
vary a lot here as there are some pretty decent hollows in the area, but
I am situated on one of the highest places. Gotta say though, my
minimums aren't often much to write home about.
Lindsay Pearce
PS; apologies with the slowness of some of my mails and replies, my isp
is still having hassles re that guy who drilled into the telstra cable
in sydney some time ago, it had a pretty decent effect on Blue mountains
connections etc. This guy actually rang 2BL and confessed on air as the
culprit, it was very cute and funny. He sounded like a little boy caught
with his hand in the bicky tin! Mixed simile there but anyway...
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026
From: "Michael Thompson" [michaelt at ozemail.com.au]
To: [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 19:32:34 +1100
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That's not a bad point and my Nikon FA for all its weight and being close to
20 years old is taking pics as good as it did on day 1.
Michael
> Thanks for that Michael.
>
> One thing I'm careful of when buying cameras for outdoor/storm
> photography is to make sure it's robust and has as few electronics
> as possible. Just a personal foible I guess, but when the poor
> camera is getting pounded by hail/dust/rain the last thing I want
> to see is "Goodbye cruel world" flash up on an LCD panel before
> the camera departs for a better place :)
>
> cheers,
> Chris
>
> At 10:32 PM 11/2/99 +1100, you wrote:
> >I have been looking at a few entry level SLR cameras over the last few
days
> >I am surprised how much you can get for your dollar these days. My Nikon
FA
> >and Nikkor 35-105mm lens is like carting a house brick around to and from
> >work, so I was looking at a second camera and leave the Nikon for serious
> >colour slide work.
> >
> >I though the group may be interested in the prices and specs of three
what I
> >see as very good SLR's
> >
> >Pentax MZ-50 with 28-80 Zoom $499 ( Can get $459 in Sydney ). Has fully
> >auto, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority or manual, plus some program
> >modes. Faster flash syn speed compared to the Minolta. Like most of these
> >cameras the lens is not particularly fast at F4.5, even my Nikkor
35-105mm
> >is a couple of stops faster ( but also costs more then this whole kit ).
> >There are several lens options with the MZ50 such as a faster and wider
> >range Sigma zens for about $50 more.
> >
> >Minolta 404Si .$499. This one seems to have hit the shelves only 3-4
months
> >ago. It really has my interest as it offers a lot for the money. Again
the
> >lens is a 28-80 zoom with F4.5 minimum F stop.( or do they say maximum ).
> >Like the Pentax there is Aperture and shutter priority and manual, plus
> >several program modes such as action, landscape, etc. Has two metering
> >options, the normal pattern metering that's averages seven individual
> >segments of the view ( in the middle ), or spot metering which is a storm
> >chasers friend. By spot metering you can expose by pointing the camera
> >exposure thingy at the exact spot you want to expose for, such as bright
> >cloud. You can then lock the exposure and take the picture of the
subject,
> >even if you move. This helps sort those dark green grass vs white Cb
towers
> >photos, where the dark grass leads to overexposed clouds. Another nifty
> >feature is exposure bracketing. You have just seen the tornado shot of
your
> >life and want to make certain that the exposure is correct, by using
> >exposure bracketing the 404si will take three pics the middle will be at
the
> >metered exposure, the first half an exposure setting fast ( darker ), the
> >last half an exposure setting fast ( lighter ). On the down side the
flash
> >syn speed is nothing to brag about.
> >
> >Canon 4000 EOS $369. Up you saw right a SLR under $400, in fact I saw it
in
> >Sydney for $339. That is retail, the duty free takes it below $300. I
have
> >not read any reviews yet and winder what the catch is, especially as it
is
> >combined with a Canon ( yes canon ) 28-80mm zoom. I think however it is
> >really slow at F5. Don't know about what modes it does, but probably at
> >least program. It also is manual !!! which is better for storm chasers
who
> >like to experiment. There is a shutter speed knob on top of the camera so
I
> >know it has B ( for lightning ) and a top of 1/2000 sec.
> >
> >It may be worth holding off for a few weeks as the sub $400 price may
make
> >some brands review there prices.
> >
> >Regards
> >
> >
> >
> >Michael Thompson
> >http://thunder.simplenet.com
> >
> >
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> > message.
> > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
> >
>
> CodeTools - for developers, by developers
> http://www.codetools.com
>
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027
X-Sender: astroman at mail.chariot.net.au
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Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 19:32:39 +1030
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: astroman [astroman at chariot.net.au]
Subject: aus-wx: ASWA Fortnightly Newsletter - 14 Part 1
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
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Hi There,
Welcome to the fourteenth edition of the Australian Severe Weather
Association on-line newsletter. I hope you all enjoy it and any thoughts
or comments can be send to " Kathryn Jolly at
astrolady99 at netscape.net " also please don't forget if there is any
information regarding the Australian Severe Weather Association that you
would normally send to the list, please send it to me instead for
inclusion into the newsletter. That is what it is here for.
Happy reading
THE AUSTRALIAN SEVERE WEATHER ASSOCIATION INC FORTNIGHTLY NEWSLETTER -
Issue 14
The Australian Severe Weather Association Inc (ASWA) is here to provide a
platform for discussion into severe weather, research and education. A
lot has been written about Australia's severe weather in the past and you
can view many different stories of people's experience with the weather
in the official ASWA magazine "Storm News". Discussion about
the latest weather and a great place to learn from is the aus-wx mailing
list from which ASWA Inc was originally formed. The mailing list is
filled with people who are eager to help teach others about all aspects
of meteorology and to share their experiences.
Membership into the ASWA Inc is $30 a year (with access to the Bureau of
Meteorology's radar and a quarterly subscription to "Storm News) or
if you don't wish for radar $20 a year (with the quarterly subscription
to "Storm News" still remaining.) Both visitors and members are
welcomed to attend State Meetings. State Meetings are held in Western
Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland in
their capital cites. Members can also have the chance to buy an ASWA
T-shirt in either polo or round neck styles. If you would like to join
you can visit the ASWA Inc web site at
http://www.severeweather.asn.au/
and fill in an on-line application form or get in contact with your State Rep. All details can be found at the web site.
General News
ASWA Members
The ASWA now has a total of 125 members with 7 pending.
ASWA Newsletter
This Newsletter will now be sent via a mass email system set up for ASWA members, if you are not an ASWA member and would like to know the goings on off the Association I will be happy to send you the newsletter personally so please send your email address to astrolady99 at netscape.net and I will add you into the BCC field of my email program each fortnight
Births - Birthdays - Deaths - Marriages - Anniversaries
On behalf of the ASWA I would like to congratulate Michael Thompson who helped bring 8lb baby Clare into the world just under 2 weeks ago. Right after a thunderstorm.
An Email I Received
Kathryn Jolly received and email the other day from a person named Jerome that had an attachment of the TC Outlook for 99/00 for the North-West regions. Anyone that wishes to view the attachment can send her an email to astrolady99 at netscape.net and she will be happy to pass it on.
Photo Comp
The photo comp is to be updated late on the 1st of November but the last months photos are still there. So if you have not voted, now is your time to do so.
Submissions are open for the next Decembers competition.
The Theme - Storm/cloud structure - Shelf clouds/gust fronts/squall lines/Mammatus/anvils/RFD
Cut off date for submissions is the 26th of November 1999.Please provide an explanation (Only short) about your photo so that it makes it interesting to read and please make it 400 pixels across (or larger and I will scale it back).I have seen some beauty precipitation photos on peoples sites in Australia or you may have one that you have never shown to publicly before that you could submit.
Further details are available from http://www.severeweather.asn.au/photo
Please email submissions to webmaster at severeweather.asn.au
Last months winners can be congratulated at http://www.severeweather.asn.au/photo/photos.htm
Bid On A Cyclone Competition
Bid on a Cyclone This is a "competition" open to everyone on this list and anyone that has the Internet.
There are no prizes but should be good fun. Navigate your way to http://strikeone.com.au/cyclone/cyclone.cgi
and have a go. Don't bid more than once otherwise all of your bids will be cancelled.
Good luck
The ASWA Weather Book
Do you have a photo of severe weather or the effects of severe weather in Australia?
The editors (Herbert / ONeill), Victorian members of ASWA are writing / compiling a book for weather enthusiasts about Australia, with an emphasis on severe weather. The book will also provide a broad outline of Australian
weather conditions as well as conditions specific to different parts of the country.
We are looking for photographs of the following:- storm generated seas, thunderstorms, lightning, gust fronts, shelf clouds, funnels, tornadoes, wave clouds, morning glory, convergence lines, cyclones, hail, snow, or anything unusual. Feel free to send anything you feel is a significant photo. Selected photographs may receive special attention and may be enhanced by the inclusion of satellite images, atmospheric sounding profiles & synoptic
charts.
If you have a colour or black & white photo you would like to submit, please send a 5 x 7" print to
Clyve Herbert
ASWA - Victoria
19 Townview Court
LEOPOLD VICTORIA 3224
or email a copy to cadence at rubix.net.au
The following page has a copy of a photo identification sheet which will give you a guide to the sort of information we would like to include. http://www.rubix.net.au/~cadence/bookphotos.htm All photographs will be credited to the photographer and will remain their property. Photos will be returned upon completion of the book.
please continue with part 2 for Weather News and State Meetings.
028
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Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 19:32:52 +1030
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From: astroman [astroman at chariot.net.au]
Subject: aus-wx: ASWA Fortnightly Newsletter - 14 Part 2
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Weather News
Queensland
Severe Thunderstorm Strikes Brisbane Bayside
Suburbs
A few large showers had developed during Wednesday afternoon (20th of
October, 1999), but unfortunately nothing eventuated from it. During the
evening, a large band of showers and thunderstorms effected the QLD
central coast area, but there were no signs of any development in SE QLD.
At around 11pm, some showers started developing, predominantly over
Brisbane's northside suburbs. Some of these showers were quite intense,
but generally rather small, rain rates were around 20-40mm/hr. At
approximately 11:30pm, a large shower formed just SW of Redcliffe, this
continued slowly drifted eastward. I didn't think twice about it, it just
looked like some one was going to get a heavy shower with some nice
totals. However, remarkably the shower split into two, with one shower
(the weaker one) moving northwards before quickly dissipating, and the
other (stronger one) moved southwards. The stronger shower eventually
became a small thunderstorm, with rain rates between 40-100mm. I
personally was getting excited, not because I thought I'd get a great
thunderstorm, but simply because it looked like that I was going to get a
nice heavy downpour, with the odd flash of lightning and rumble of
thunder if I was lucky.
As the cell continued southwards, it continued to gain intensity, soon
rain rates were at a maximum on radar - in excess of 100mm/hr!!! The
airport and surrounding areas were the first to feel the full brunt of
the thunderstorm at approximately 12:30am, with the BoM notes indicating
an incredible 70mm of rain falling in 15 minutes! I could observe some
infrequent lightning to my north, about 2-3 strikes a minute, it didn't
seem too active from where I was, but after completing a Damage
Assessment Survey on the area, residents informed me otherwise. Lightning
and thunder was frequent, and at times almost continuous. "The winds
were incredible...", "...it was terrifying...",
"...she was an absolute doozy mate..." The damage strip was
narrow, I visited a suburb just south of the airport, where there was
debris from plants and trees strewn all over the road. I was told that a
fair bit of the debris had already been cleaned up by a city-council
sweeper. None the less, there was still a fair bit of damage to plants
and trees. No shortage of large branches being snapped off, and a few
trees were also down as well. The winds were unusual in this
thunderstorm, due to the abnormal direction it moved in (SSE), by looking
at damage patterns it was clearly evident that the predominant wind was
NE'ly. I observed a field of grass, that while not completely flattened,
was certainly noticeably wind swept. I had never seen this before.
While talking to some residents, one resident had part of her cladding
removed from her house, another house had their windows broken by hail
and winds. Most residents seemed to have received water damage, when the
gutters could no longer cope with the intense rain, and water poured into
their ceilings.
The airport area was worse hit, after it passed through the area it
following the coast line, moving SSE/SE. It narrowly missed me by a few
kilometers. The cell itself was very small, but also very intense. I also
went out to the Lytton/Wynnum area to observe any damage. The damage here
paled into insignificance to the airport damage. Lots of leaves, small
branches down in some areas, but nothing like the airport. There was also
the odd tree down, they were very weak trees only. There was still an
incredible amount of water lying around in both the Lytton/Wynnum area
and the airport. Not surprising given the enormous amount of rain that
fell. Lytton recorded 42mm of rain, and Manly (further south) recorded
36mm of rain.
Conditions for thunderstorms were far from favorable that night, let
alone severe thunderstorms. CAPE was only 117, although SRH was unusually
high at 120, with a maximum at 142. The cell maintained maximum intensity
on radar for one and a half hours. Given the splitting mechanism, unusual
strength and longevity of the thunderstorm, combined with the high SRH,
one has to wonder whether this was just an ordinary thunderstorm. But I
do believe that this is just a reminder, that we can never turn our back
on nature, nor try and define nature in a set of ' feeble man-made
rules,' as it is just simply too complex and deep for our limited minds
to ever begin to comprehend.
Report by Anthony Cornelius
Granite Belt Receives A Double Dose of
Nature
During Saturday, the 23rd of October, a very strong upper level trough
moved across NSW and southern QLD. The result of this, was a very long
line of thunderstorms (about 600km long) across much of northern central
NSW. This moved steadily ESE, but also propagated Northwards somewhat, as
this was the point of new growth.
Nearing evening, a cluster of cells on the northern edge of the line
split from the rest of the line, rapidly intensifying with large areas of
maximum intensity on radar. Eventually, it consisted of one major cell,
that was moving steadily ENE. This cell directly hit Texas, with
spotters' reports of golf ball hail smashing windows. Unfortunately, as
it continued to move ENE, it moved temporarily out of range (around one
hour) out of local radar. Eventually, it moved into Brisbane local radar,
it had originally appeared to have weakened somewhat, but soon again
reached maximum intensity before moving over Stanthorpe. Shortly after it
passed, I received a phone call from a spotter & ASWA member who was
in Stanthorpe, reporting that she had just received large amounts of
hail, up to golf ball size and covering the ground many inches thick.
Torrential rain and strong (but not severe) winds also accompanied this
thunderstorm. Parts of the town were blacked out. I immediately reported
this to the BoM, who were interested in the report. The cell continued,
but began to turn Eastwards and eventually ESE into NE NSW with huge
areas of maximum intensity. However, the cell soon became entrapped in a
rain band, and (presumably) had its fuel supply cut off.
The next morning, the full extent of the damage was seen. With large
areas of the Granite Belt suffering hail and crop damage. Estimates were
put at a considerable $30 million, some farmers reported that they had
simply had enough, and will be selling their property and moving
elsewhere. They were dismayed, then the $30,000 they spent on hail
netting to protect their crops became no match for the large quantity and
size of the hail, and simply snapped and broke under the weight and
pressure. Unfortunately for farmers, hail is far from uncommon in the
fertile region.
The approximate life span of this cell was about four hours in duration,
and took on supercell characteristics, thus leading me to believe that
this was indeed a supercell.
Report by Anthony Cornelius
Photogenic Showers and Storms in SE
QLD
Sunday October 27 showers and thunderstorms developed across most of SE
QLD throughout the day, and during the evening in eastern parts. Some of
these storms were quite spectacular, with boiling updrafts, cumuliform
anvils, fantastic flanking lines and hail. A wind gust of 85km/h was also
recorded at Southport Seaway. I personally took over 2 rolls of film on
this day, and many other people in Brisbane took pictures. These pictures
will be up ASAP.
Late Sunday evening a line of storms developed from off the coast of
Brisbane, NW to the sunshine coast, and then inland to the Gympie area.
Storms on the northern end of the line were highly electrical at first,
with the storms on the southern end of the line becoming equally
electrical later in the evening. It was a truly spectacular night, with
overshoots and boiling updrafts being lit up by very bright anvil
crawlers and in cloud lightning. The majority of the lightning was in
cloud lightning so the lightning tracker was only picking up on average
80 or 90 Cg's every 5 minutes (the lightning tracker only picks up Cg's,
or cloud to ground lightning). Overnight the lightning tracker increased
dramatically to between 100 and 190 whites every 5 mins for several
hours. The storms were well off the QLD coast by this time unfortunately.
Click here for a picture of a
developing storm taken by Greg Curtis
Click here for a lightning picture
taken by Steve Baynham
Radar and Lightning Tracker Images
Click here for a broad scale loop of
the afternoon storms, or here for the
evening/overnight storms.
Click here for a local scale event
loop of the afternoon storms
Click here for lightning detection
images for the afternoon storms, or
here for the
evening/overnight storms
Report by Ben Quinn
Widespread rain and thunderstorms in the SE
quarter of QLD
A few days later, another upper level and frontal system passed through
the region again. At around 10pm on Tuesday, the 26th of October, a large
area of showers formed around Moree. I was excited to see this
for storm prospects in Brisbane, but thought nothing much more of it. But
it did prompt me to leave my computer on overnight to save radar imagery
- and a good thing I did! At around 1:30am Wednesday morning,
some thunderstorms formed NE of Moree, these very quickly and rapidly
intensified as they moved ENE. Tracker images reported this thunderstorm
to be extremely electrically active, picking up over 600 (yes, six
hundred) CG's in five minutes!!! With a long period of 500+, eyewitness
reports also confirmed this thunderstorm, with many labelling it an
"electrical thunderstorm." There were reports of roofs being
blown off from this thunderstorm, but probably the most interesting
report that was received was a report of ball lightning! One resident
reported "...I saw balls of lightning rolling across the ground, I
have never seen this before in my life!" I'm trying to get in
contact with the person who reported it, but I don't believe my search
will prove to be very helpful.
Unfortunately for us (or fortunately for others), this was not a sign of
things to come in regards to thunderstorms in SE QLD.
Between 5 and 6am a very strong storm developed east of Stanthorpe, and
had a very large are of max intensity (100mm/h + rain rate) on radar.
This storm could have contained very large or copious amounts of hail,
but fortunately it moved through largely unpopulated areas and no damage
has been reported.
Click here to see a radar loop of
this storm
Click here to see a satellite picture
of this storm
Click here to see a Brisbane broad
scale radar event loop starting from when the storms developed in the NW
Slopes and plains to when they flattened out into rain in the Northern
Rivers district of NSW.
After the events overnight there the chasers of Brisbane were excited to
say the least! And looking at the morning satellite pictures watching
showers and storms developing over the inland (click
here for a sat pic), severe storms
were looking likely during the afternoon (early morning storms over
inland southern QLD and Border Range areas are a good sign of severe
thunderstorms in the afternoon in SE QLD). Unfortunately these showers
and thunderstorms quickly flattened out into areas of rain by late
morning. Brisbane Storm Chasers Ross Portas, Ben Quinn and Jason Smith
were out chasing, but unfortunately it rained in the chase area most of
the day, so it was very much a bust chase.
Widespread thunderstorms did develop NW of Brisbane during the afternoon
though. No damage or severe weather was reported from these storms. They
were however very electrically active, with the lightning tracker setting
a new record (since we have been following it - 2 storm season now) of
over 800 Cg's in a five minute period. This is obviously a massive amount
of lightning.
Click here to see a lightning tracker
loop of these storms
Click here to see a Brisbane broad
scale radar loop of the whole days activity
Click here to see a sat pic loop of
the whole system
These showers and storms continued in parts of the Wide Bay and Burnett
and Capricornia areas overnight. A thunderstorm in Bundaberg dumped 120mm
in one hour, with 30mm of that falling in ten minutes. Bundaberg had
160mm to 9am Thursday, shattering their monthly rainfall of 69mm for
October. One unofficial rainfall figure from these storms was 346mm to
9am Thursday, with several others in excess of 200mm. This rainfall
caused substantial flash flooding in pats of Bundaberg, with one resident
reporting 2m's of water entering her house.
Click here to see a satellite picture
loop of these storms
Click here to see a Brisbane broad
scale radar event loop for the whole days activity,
including the overnight Bundaberg storms
Although the lightning tracker does not extend as far north as Bundaberg,
click here to see a
lightning tracker loop of the activity the SE'rn Wide Bay and Burnett
region overnight.
There were other large totals to 9am Thursday in SE QLD, including 90mm
at Beerburrum, 71mm at Warwick and 70mm at Cape Moreton.
Report by Ben Quinn and Anthony Cornelius
State Meetings
South Australia - Northern Territory
Next meeting - Friday 5th November, 8pm meet outside Hoyts Cinema
Complex
Victoria - Tasmania
Next meeting - Saturday November 13th at the Pancake Parlour,
Doncaster, 9.00am
New South Wales
Next Meeting -
Queensland
Next meeting - Saturday November 6 at Unit 9/14 Argon St. Sumner
starting at 10am
Western Australia
Next Meeting - 6th of November at the Victoria Park Rec Center,
Kent Street
029
From: "Jane ONeill" [cadence at rubix.net.au]
To: "Aussie Weather" [aussie-weather at world.std.com]
Subject: aus-wx: Bendigo newspaper article
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 21:49:43 +1100
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.5, Build 4.71.2173.0
Importance: Normal
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Rod Aikman in Bendigo has written an article for the Bendigo Advertiser
about the March 1914 hailstorm - with the article appearing on pages 1 & 2
of the 'Weekender' supplement on Saturday October 30th along with a nice
mention for ASWA....and such a short time after an interview for NBC along
with Dane Newman!
Rod's is a great article which will appear in its entirety on the Melbourne
Storm Chasers site after the November meeting on the 13th in our new history
section (coming, but not there yet).
Once again, congratulations to Rod for such a great success - 2 whole
pages!!!!!
Jane
-------------------------------------------------------
Jane ONeill
ASWA - Victoria
Australian Severe Weather Assocn (ASWA Inc.)
Melbourne Storm Chasers
Email: cadence at rubix.net.au
-------------------------------------------------------
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-----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
030
X-Sender: cmaunder at dynamite.com.au
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 23:25:29 +1100
To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
From: Chris Maunder [cmaunder at mail.com]
Subject: Re: aus-wx: Entry Level SLR cameras getting cheap !
Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com
Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
I'm still grimly hanging onto my 15 y.o. Olympus OM2 (almost out
of spite, I think :) I used to know a camera repairman quite well
and he refused to fix anything higher than an OM2. OM4, 10 or 20 he
would just recommend throwing it out and buying a new one.
Then again, nothing beats the Pentax K1000!
At 07:32 PM 11/3/99 +1100, you wrote:
>That's not a bad point and my Nikon FA for all its weight and being close to
>20 years old is taking pics as good as it did on day 1.
>
>Michael
>
>> Thanks for that Michael.
>>
>> One thing I'm careful of when buying cameras for outdoor/storm
>> photography is to make sure it's robust and has as few electronics
>> as possible. Just a personal foible I guess, but when the poor
>> camera is getting pounded by hail/dust/rain the last thing I want
>> to see is "Goodbye cruel world" flash up on an LCD panel before
>> the camera departs for a better place :)
>>
>> cheers,
>> Chris
>>
>> At 10:32 PM 11/2/99 +1100, you wrote:
>> >I have been looking at a few entry level SLR cameras over the last few
>days
>> >I am surprised how much you can get for your dollar these days. My Nikon
>FA
>> >and Nikkor 35-105mm lens is like carting a house brick around to and from
>> >work, so I was looking at a second camera and leave the Nikon for serious
>> >colour slide work.
>> >
>> >I though the group may be interested in the prices and specs of three
>what I
>> >see as very good SLR's
>> >
>> >Pentax MZ-50 with 28-80 Zoom $499 ( Can get $459 in Sydney ). Has fully
>> >auto, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority or manual, plus some program
>> >modes. Faster flash syn speed compared to the Minolta. Like most of these
>> >cameras the lens is not particularly fast at F4.5, even my Nikkor
>35-105mm
>> >is a couple of stops faster ( but also costs more then this whole kit ).
>> >There are several lens options with the MZ50 such as a faster and wider
>> >range Sigma zens for about $50 more.
>> >
>> >Minolta 404Si .$499. This one seems to have hit the shelves only 3-4
>months
>> >ago. It really has my interest as it offers a lot for the money. Again
>the
>> >lens is a 28-80 zoom with F4.5 minimum F stop.( or do they say maximum ).
>> >Like the Pentax there is Aperture and shutter priority and manual, plus
>> >several program modes such as action, landscape, etc. Has two metering
>> >options, the normal pattern metering that's averages seven individual
>> >segments of the view ( in the middle ), or spot metering which is a storm
>> >chasers friend. By spot metering you can expose by pointing the camera
>> >exposure thingy at the exact spot you want to expose for, such as bright
>> >cloud. You can then lock the exposure and take the picture of the
>subject,
>> >even if you move. This helps sort those dark green grass vs white Cb
>towers
>> >photos, where the dark grass leads to overexposed clouds. Another nifty
>> >feature is exposure bracketing. You have just seen the tornado shot of
>your
>> >life and want to make certain that the exposure is correct, by using
>> >exposure bracketing the 404si will take three pics the middle will be at
>the
>> >metered exposure, the first half an exposure setting fast ( darker ), the
>> >last half an exposure setting fast ( lighter ). On the down side the
>flash
>> >syn speed is nothing to brag about.
>> >
>> >Canon 4000 EOS $369. Up you saw right a SLR under $400, in fact I saw it
>in
>> >Sydney for $339. That is retail, the duty free takes it below $300. I
>have
>> >not read any reviews yet and winder what the catch is, especially as it
>is
>> >combined with a Canon ( yes canon ) 28-80mm zoom. I think however it is
>> >really slow at F5. Don't know about what modes it does, but probably at
>> >least program. It also is manual !!! which is better for storm chasers
>who
>> >like to experiment. There is a shutter speed knob on top of the camera so
>I
>> >know it has B ( for lightning ) and a top of 1/2000 sec.
>> >
>> >It may be worth holding off for a few weeks as the sub $400 price may
>make
>> >some brands review there prices.
>> >
>> >Regards
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >Michael Thompson
>> >http://thunder.simplenet.com
>> >
>> >
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>> > message.
>> > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
>> >
>>
>> CodeTools - for developers, by developers
>> http://www.codetools.com
>>
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>> -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------
>>
>
>
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CodeTools - designed for developers by developers
http://www.codetools.com
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| Document: 991103.htm
Updated: 06 November 1999 |
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