X-Authentication-Warning: new-smtp1.ihug.com.au: Host p83-max41.syd.ihug.com.au [216.132.32.117] claimed to be storm.ihug.com.au X-Sender: jdeguara at pop.ihug.com.au X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.0 Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 00:39:40 +1000 To: aussie-weather at world.std.com From: Jimmy Deguara Subject: Re: aus-wx: Looking back at major storm chases Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Please read below... At 12:25 PM 2/10/00 -0500, you wrote: >G'Day Jimmy, > > > http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130mb05.jpg > > > > http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130jd03.jpg > > > > I now believe these to be the wall clouds associated with the funnel we > saw > > about 40 minutes later or so going through Gunnedah. The video Michael has > > also has a funnel from this cloud - I don;t know how we don't have > photos of it > >The lowering to the right of the base might be a wall cloud. >It formed under the rain-free base (RFB) towards the precip >core on the right, hence it can feed on lower LCL air. >For a while I WAS even inclined to interpret the light >intrusions into the RFB on the left as clear slots, but that presumes >that whatever we're looking at here is a supercell, and >that the mesocyclone rotated anticyclonically (counter-clockwise), >instead of the standard cyclonic meso. > > > However, I am wondering, on the same day's photos, and later on about 3 > > hours or so later, > > > http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130jd09.jpg > > > > http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130mb22.jpg > > > > http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130mb23.jpg > >These pictures tell me that the storm put out a cold pool with >a low-level roll cloud that formed along the gust front. The cold pool >might have undercut the RFB in these pictures. > > > this cloud structure cannot be seen but it existed on the left side of > this > > picture out of view > > > > http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130mb20.jpg > > > > I am now wondering if this is a mesocyclone and possible wall cloud as > > there is rain wrapped around the back. Comments would be very much > appreciated. > >I believe you are looking at the RFB here. There also appear to be signs of >rotation at cloud base, but I'd be presumptuous to guess which way. >The rain core seems to be a long way removed towards the back. >There's some scud under the "meso" which makes me wonder where the >low LCL air came from. One option is that the "meso" was undercut >by outflow from the distant core. >I can't identify a wall cloud in this image. >I wonder whether the BOM has *a n y* Doppler scans of this >storm that resolve a velocity couplet???? Yes Meso is what I meant. I have used incorrect terminology in this case. So are you suggesting it may be a "mesocyclone". If it is a roll cloud, I haven't seen one of a circular nature before... This cloud base structure eventually dissipated and existed well away from the main core perhaps 50-60km out yet still under the extensive anvil. The main core was 100km away from us or more. http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/1999/0130mb23.jpg >I hope I'll be able to see storms like these in Australia >next year. Yes we hope we can get another day like that. >Cheers, Harald > >-- >------------------------------------------- >Harald Richter >NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory >1313 Halley Circle >Norman, OK 73069, U.S.A. >ph.: (405) 366-0430 >fax: (405) 579-0808 >email: hrichter at enterprise.nssl.noaa.gov >web: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/~hrichter >------------------------------------------- > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- Jimmy Deguara Storm Chaser and Mathematics Teacher from Schofields, Sydney NSW Australia e-mail:jdeguara at ihug.com.au Web Page with Michael Bath Australian Severe Weather Home Page http://www.australiasevereweather.com President of the Australian Severe Weather Association http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: Harald Richter Subject: Re: aus-wx: Nights, Wind and Frosts To: aussie-weather at world.std.com (Australian Severe Weather Association) Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2000 13:40:44 -0500 (CDT) X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.5 PL3] Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Michael, Michael wrote: > I hope my explanation is correct, but it is simply that the heat ( relative > speaking ) of the day, especially midafternoon creates a greater lapse rate > in the lower parts of the atmosphere, thus we get some air rising. At night > the surface temperature plummets and matches more closely the air above. The daytime solar heating generally creates a so-called well-mixed boundary layer that has a dry adiabatic lapse rate (~ 9.9 C/1000 m). Air within this convective boundary layer can relatively freely move up or down, hence the whole thing is well-mixed. Some time before sunset the outgoing longwave radiation from the ground radiates away more energy than the incoming solar radiation provides. This means that the ground loses energy and cools. The air above it generally cools less quickly, hence you often get the formation of a nocturnal inversion (T increases with height within a thin layer). Especially during clear nights with low RH the cool near-surface air is generally cooler than the air above. Michael also wrote: > The reverse happens at night when cold air moves over the ocean, the ocean > is much the same temp at night as it is day, therefore the night lapse rate > over the sea surface is greater, hence the lovely autumn Cb's offshore and > the odd east coast low. The ocean's heat capacity is significantly larger than that of soil/rock. Despite outgoing longwave radiation the ocean's surface temperature remains fairly constant at night, not allowing the formation of a cool near-surface layer of air. Now the air above the surface layer cools more relative to the surface-layer air, leading to an increased lapse rate at night. Andrew typed earlier: > > Why do the conditions of the day dissapear at night, and redevelop the > > next day (keeping in mind that Taralga is at 800m, just east of the top > > of the divide and the synoptic situation is post-cold-frontal)? One of the key mechanisms that come to mind is the role of boundary layers in the vertical transport of horizontal momentum (i.e. "wind"). A deep daytime boundary layer has the ability of mixing "stronger winds" down to the surface. Once the boundary layer collapses due to radiative cooling, the downward mixing of momentum diminishes as well. Cheers, Harald -- ------------------------------------------- Harald Richter NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory 1313 Halley Circle Norman, OK 73069, U.S.A. ph.: (405) 366-0430 fax: (405) 579-0808 email: hrichter at enterprise.nssl.noaa.gov web: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/~hrichter ------------------------------------------- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Sender: carls at ford.ace-net.com.au Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2000 23:40:21 +1000 To: Aussie Weather List From: Carl Smith Subject: aus-wx: SUMMARY: Part 2 of July TC Summary Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com MONTHLY GLOBAL TROPICAL CYCLONE SUMMARY JULY, 2000 (For general comments about the nature of these summaries, as well as information on how to download the tabular cyclone track files, see the Author's Note at the end of this summary.) NOTE: The July summary is being issued in two parts. Part 1, covering the Northwest Pacific basin, was issued on 4 September. This second part covers the Northeast Pacific with a few comments about the Atlantic and contains the Topic of the Month article. *********************************************************************** JULY HIGHLIGHTS --> North Pacific quite active --> Twin typhoons affect several East Asian nations --> Rare Central North Pacific storm forms --> Hawaii affected by dying Eastern Pacific hurricane *********************************************************************** ***** Topic of the Month for July ***** SEASONAL STATISTICS FOR THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC The material presented below was compiled by John Wallace, a student at the University of Texas in San Antonio. John became very interested in tropical cyclones during the exceptionally active 1995 Atlantic hurricane season, and as he puts it, "started me on a crash course in tropical meteorology readings"--much the same experience I had had 30 years earlier, although it only took the very average 1963 season to get me started. John relates that after coming across the annual seasonal summary articles in _Weatherwise_, he was surprised to learn that the Northeast Pacific basin usually saw much more tropical cyclone activity than the Atlantic; yet, only rarely did one find articles written about tropical cyclones in this basin. At about the same time, John became familiar with the seasonal forecasts of Dr. Gray and the CSU team and decided that the Net Tropical Cyclone (NTC) activity index was an ingenuous way to measure the overall "punch" (or lack thereof) of a season's activity. So John gained access to the Best Track database for the Northeast Pacific and tabulated some statistics for this basin and calculated the NTC and Maximum Potential Destruction (MPD) according to Dr. Gray's formulae. The remainder of this article is as I received it from John with some minimal editing by myself. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- The first version of this table, with commentary, was completed in mid-1999. In it I used a 1975-1997 baseline and used "Named Tropical Cyclone Days" instead of Gray's canonical Named Storm Days--similar, except that the depression stage was included. As I didn't know the formula, I didn't calculate Maximum Potential Destruction (MPD). Gary Padgett was the first to review it, and he commented favorably though he considered it unwise to include the depression stage of storms. He also stated that reconnaissance data gave NEP data high reliability going back to 1971. I had limited the first study to the beginning of the use of the Dvorak technique (1975). Finally, he explained how to calculate MPD and Hurricane Destruction Potential (HDP). Buoyed by the new info, but also disheartened by its imperfections, I let the project rest for awhile, and when I resumed it I got rid of cyclone days and replaced it with storm days, extended the baseline back to 1971 and forward to 1999, and included the MPD. Unfortunately, HDP was too tedious to calculate with the available tools. A full description of the eight parameters in the table below would needlessly lengthen this article. Definitions can be found on the Colorado State University Tropical Meteorology site: I will, however, simply explain the abbreviations: NS: Named Storms (includes unnamed storms added in post-analysis) H: Hurricanes IH: Intense Hurricanes NSD: Named Storm Days HD: Hurricane Days IHD: Intense Hurricane Days MPD: Maximum Potential Destruction NTC: Net Tropical Cyclone Activity (%) Eastern North Pacific Seasonal Parameters 1971 - 1999 YEAR NS H IH NSD HD IHD MPD NTC 1971 18 12 6 83.75 38.50 6.00 122 111 1972 12 8 4 80.25 33.75 4.50 82 85 1973 12 7 3 61.75 28.50 7.25 89 78 1974 17 11 3 62.00 22.25 2.50 94 79 1975 16 8 4 68.25 26.75 5.50 90 85 1976 14 8 5 58.00 22.50 9.75 95 89 1977 8 4 0 20.50 5.25 0.00 31 23 1978 18 13 6 97.25 48.25 14.75 128 138 1979 10 6 4 33.75 13.75 3.25 72 56 1980 14 7 3 48.25 22.75 2.75 71 66 1981 15 8 1 57.00 18.00 1.00 68 58 1982 19 11 5 93.25 37.25 7.50 115 111 1983 21 12 8 109.50 47.50 16.00 151 150 1984 18 12 6 95.50 44.25 14.50 133 133 1985 22 12 8 101.75 44.50 8.50 140 134 1986 17 9 3 62.00 28.25 6.75 89 86 1987 18 9 4 69.25 24.75 7.75 102 92 1988 13 6 2 54.75 21.00 3.50 76 61 1989 17 9 4 67.25 27.25 5.75 95 88 1990 20 16 6 120.25 58.25 20.25 157 166 1991 14 10 5 86.25 44.00 14.00 102 119 1992 24 14 8 135.00 57.00 18.25 172 172 1993 14 10 8 79.25 45.50 15.25 137 130 1994 17 9 5 89.25 35.75 18.00 135 123 1995 10 7 3 51.75 22.25 9.00 75 74 1996 9 5 2 32.00 13.00 3.25 54 46 1997 17 9 7 72.50 33.50 15.00 138 120 1998 13 9 6 62.75 33.00 10.75 98 102 1999 9 6 2 46.50 23.50 6.00 57 61 Avg. 15.6 9.3 4.6 73.3 32.0 9.0 104 100 The NTC was calculated using the 1971-1999 averages of NS, H, IH, NSD, HD, IHD. The rounded averages of 16 NS, 9 H, 5 IH, 73 NSD, 32 HD, and 9 IHD were used for the calculations; the difference between the rounded and decimal answers was found to be negligible. These figures only include storms that formed (or were classified as such) east of 140W, and for the entire lifetime of the storm--storms of Central North Pacific origin are not included. For all the parameters, the average NEP season has an NTC roughly 170% of the 1950-1990 Atlantic value. An interesting coincidence that I noticed is that there are several years in which the MPD and NTC match, or nearly so: 1972, 1983, 1984, 1986, and 1992 are some examples. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- As John notes above, he included only storms forming in the Eastern North Pacific proper (i.e., east of 140W), but in the NSD, HD, and IHD parameters included the entire lifetime of each storm, regardless of whether it was east or west of 140W (or 180 for that matter). I calculated two alternate sets of statistics for the basin: (1) including only storms forming east of 140W and including only the portion of tracks east of 140W for the various days parameters (2) including all storms forming east of 180 and including only the portion of tracks east of 180 for the various days parameters I found that my NTC1 values were just about all within 10% of John's except for 1992 and 1994 with the latter year showing the greatest divergence. This was due to the large number of ENP cyclones forming farther west than normal and moving into the CNP, most notably Category 5 hurricanes Emilia, Gilma, and John. But my NTC2 parameter matched John's almost exactly for 1994. My NTC2 parameter was most different from John's NTC in 1992, no doubt due to my inclusion of the intense CNP hurricanes Ekeka and Iniki. The only other year in which my NTC2 showed a difference of more than around 10% was 1988; due most likely to John's omission of CNP Hurricane Uleki. *********************************************************************** ACTIVITY BY BASINS ATLANTIC (ATL) - North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico Activity for July: No tropical cyclones Atlantic Activity for July -------------------------- No warnings were issued on any tropical systems in the Atlantic basin during July. A fairly vigorous disturbance noted over Africa on 7 Jul had moved off the coast by 0000 UTC on 9 Jul and displayed a quite well-organized cloud pattern somewhat similar to the monsoon depressions of the Western Pacific. However, this system did not develop any further. (Thanks to Mark Lander for supplying some satellite imagery of this disturbance.) For a two-week or so period around mid-month strong upper-level westerlies spread over much of the tropical cyclogenetical region of the Atlantic--likely related to circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere--and no tropical wave had much of a chance to develop. By late in the month the shear had relaxed and a tropical wave crossing the Atlantic from around the 27th through the 30th displayed a fairly tight swirl of low and middle clouds but could not generate enough sustained central convection to allow further development. *********************************************************************** NORTHEAST PACIFIC (NEP) - North Pacific Ocean East of Longitude 180 Activity for July: 2 tropical depressions 2 tropical storms ** 1 hurricane ** - One of these storms weakened in the Central Pacific but later redeveloped into a tropical storm in the Northwest Pacific basin NOTE: Much of the information presented below was obtained from the TPC/NHC discussion bulletins issued with every regular advisory (CPHC for locations west of 140W.) All references to sustained winds imply a 1-min averaging period unless otherwise noted. A special thanks to John Wallace for writing up most of the report on Tropical Storm Upana-Chanchu. I added an introductory paragraph and wrote the portion covering the redevelopment of the system as Chanchu in the Northwest Pacific basin. Northeast Pacific Activity for July ----------------------------------- Tropical cyclone activity had been just about normal in the North- east Pacific basin during June, although Carlotta's intensity was very unusual for June but not unprecedented. However, July was a little less active than average with only two named storms and one hurricane forming east of 140W in the Eastern North Pacific proper--only half of the normal 4 storms and 2 hurricanes. In addition to these cyclones, a rare Central North Pacific tropical cyclone formed--the first named storm on record to form in that area during July since the era of satellite coverage began. At the end of June a westward-moving disturbance more than 1000 nm west-southwest of Cabo San Lucas became quite well-organized and was on the verge of being classified as a tropical depression on 1 Jul. However, the thunderstorm activity became somewhat sporadic and no advisories were issued at the time. The TWO for 1000 PDT on 2 Jul also indicated that the system was likely to become a tropical depression within the next 24 hours, but once more the trend toward increased organization levelled off and the system subsequently weakened. In addition to the two named storms (Daniel and Emilia), plus Upana in the Central Pacific, advisories were issued by TPC/NHC for two tropical depressions in the Eastern Pacific. The first of these, TD-04E, formed from a tropical wave that left the African coast on 20 Jun. The wave tracked uneventfully across the Atlantic for the next ten days. Upon entering the Eastern Pacific on the 30th, a weak tropical LOW formed along the wave axis. Development was apparently hindered by a well-defined upper-level LOW to the north. Conditions slowly improved as the LOW tracked westward, and it was upgraded to TD-04E at 2100 UTC on 6 Jul when it was located approximately 900 nm southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. However, the depression soon entered a hostile environment and had fallen apart by around 1500 UTC on the 7th. (Thanks to John Wallace for writing up some information on TD-04E.) TD-05E likely developed from a tropical wave which was identified on 9 Jul in the eastern Atlantic southwest of the Cape Verdes. This wave had entered the Pacific by 18 Jul and a 1010-mb LOW formed on the wave axis on 20 Jul. The LOW passed south of Socorro Island on the 21st, still continuing to show increased convective organization. Advisories were commenced on TD-05E at 2100 UTC on 22 Jul when it was centered about 375 nm west-southwest of Cabo San Lucas. However, even as it was upgraded the depression was beginning to move over cooler SSTs, and by 23/0300 UTC was already over 24 C water. The convection that had been present earlier quickly vanished and the depression was declared dissipated at 1500 UTC on the 23rd. Tropical Storm Upana-Chanchu (TC-01C/12W / TS 0007) 20 - 30 July ---------------------------------------------------- Upana: a Hawaiian name, is the transliteration of Urban Chanchu: submitted by the colony of Macau, is the Macanese word for pearl The first Central North Pacific tropical cyclone to be named in three years was a rather insignificant system to have had so many names and numbers. There seems to be pretty good evidence that the development just west of the Dateline on 28 Jul was a re-development of the former Upana, but perhaps there was sufficient enough doubt at the time that the responsible JTWC forecaster decided to assign a new number when that agency initiated warnings on the depression. It should be pointed out that the official policy of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee regarding "Dateline crossers" is that the original name assigned by either NHC or CPHC will continue to be applied whenever a cyclone moves west across the 180th meridian. However, warnings on the earlier Tropical Storm Upana had been dropped for several days, and with a new number assigned by JTWC, it seems likely that JMA decided assigning a new name was the best policy to follow in this case. Upana was the first Central Pacific storm on record to form in the month of July since good satellite coverage began in 1966. An unofficial contender for the title is Tropical Storm Emilia of 1982: the best track data indicates tropical storm intensity was reached just west of 140W. However, that figure is probably due to the vagaries of best track data versus real-time warnings since there is often an adjustment. In any case, Upana is the first official July storm forming in the CPHC's area of responsibility and receiving a Hawaiian name. Upana was also the first Central Pacific storm to form in almost three years--since Paka in 1997. The origin of Upana can be traced to a well-defined tropical wave that tracked off the African coast on 28 June. It initially had a strong mid-level circulation, but this quickly dissipated, and the disturbance tracked uneventfully across the Atlantic. Even in the Pacific, the wave showed no signs of organization until it reached 138W, whereupon it transformed into a tropical LOW on 17 July. The LOW's organization increased steadily, and was sufficient to warrant its upgrade to Tropical Depression One-C at 0300 UTC on 20 Jul roughly 800 nm southeast of Hilo, Hawaii. The depression formed under a rare set of favorable conditions; its low latitude kept it just south of strong westerlies to its north as well as south of the cooler waters that usually weaken tropical cyclones east of Hawaii. The westward track was influenced by the strong subtropical ridge to its north which ensured it would present no threat to the Hawaiian Islands. Shear was favorably low, and SSTs were adequate; steady intensification seemed likely. A slightly improving satellite presentation warranted One-C's upgrade to Tropical Storm Upana at 2100 UTC on the 20th, roughly 650 nm south-southeast of Hilo. After its upgrade, Upana intensified only slightly over the next day to a 40-kt MSW with a CP of 1006 mb by 0900 UTC on the 21st. This was to be Upana's peak intensity, and was maintained for only a day. The storm generated strong, but ragged and ill-defined, convection, a fact exacerbated by its unusual westward track through the ITCZ. Upana's low latitude did not favor much intensification, and as the 21st wore on its organization steadily decreased as shear began to impinge on the system. Upana dropped below storm strength at 2100 UTC on the 22nd about 700 nm south-southwest of Lihue. Its dissipation seemed certain; the LLCC was exposed and devoid of deep convection. Surprisingly, the depression underwent a minor intensity fluctuation on the 23rd as strong convection redeveloped over the center. As shear was relatively low and Upana was entering warmer waters, re-intensification to tropical storm status was forecast. This, however, did not happen. The LLCC remained difficult to locate and the track was adjusted southward early on the 24th as the circulation dissipated and convection collapsed. The final advisory on Tropical Depression Upana was issued at 0900 UTC on 24 Jul with the center located roughly 425 nm south-southwest of Johnston Island. It is worth noting that the depression may in fact have dissipated earlier and redeveloped completely--a scatterometer pass near 0500 UTC on the 23rd indicated an open wave with no closed circulation. No damage or casualties are known from Upana; it was never less than 550 nm from Hilo. Following the issuance of the last advisory from CPHC, the post-Upana disturbance was not mentioned in the STWOs from Honolulu except that the Outlook for 4PM Hawaiian Standard Time on 26 Jul carried a short note that the remnants of Upana had moved west of the Dateline. A STWO issued by JTWC at 26/0600 UTC mentioned an area of convection located about 900 nm east of Kwajalein and moving westward. The next day satellite imagery depicted improving organization around a LLCC and a 26/2205 UTC TRMM pass revealed a partially-exposed LLCC with deep convection sheared just east of the center. A Formation Alert was issued by JTWC at 1330 UTC on the 27th, and warnings on TD-12W were begun at 28/0000 UTC. The depression was located about 500 nm east of Kwajalein or 300 nm east-northeast of Majuro when the first warning was issued. The system initially moved slowly to the west-northwest and gradually became better organized. At 1800 UTC on the 28th JTWC upgraded the depression to a 35-kt tropical storm located roughly 470 nm east- northeast of Kwajalein. This position represented a relocation of about 60 nm to the north-northeast of the previous warning position. JMA had also decided the system met tropical storm criteria and assigned the name Chanchu to the tropical cyclone. After being named Tropical Storm Chanchu moved primarily on a slow northward track. The 29/0000 UTC JTWC warning brought yet another relocation of 60 nm to the north-northeast of the previous position. Satellite intensity estimates were 35 and 45 kts so the MSW was increased to 40 kts--the maximum for the storm. (JMA's peak 10-min avg wind estimate remained at minimal tropical storm intensity of 35 kts.) Convection continued to organize around the LLCC for the next few hours and the 40-kt MSW was maintained through 0600 UTC. Chanchu was a small tropical storm with gales covering an area only about 100 nm in diameter. By 29/1200 UTC convection had weakened considerably and Chanchu's winds were dropped to 35 kts. Recent scatterometer and SSM/I passes did not reveal a LLCC. The final JTWC advisory was issued at 1800 UTC, placing the dissipating storm at a location about 500 nm north-northeast of Majuro. A SSM/I pass at 1824 UTC as well as another QuikScat pass did not show any evidence of a LLCC although low-level convergence was indicated. The weakening depression was forecast to track northwestward and dissipate within twelve hours. Hurricane Daniel (TC-06E) 23 July - 5 August -------------------------- For information on the origins of Atlantic and Northeastern Pacific tropical cyclones, I usually rely on a file created and maintained by John Wallace of San Antonio, Texas. John scans the Tropical Weather Discussions issued four times daily by TPC/NHC for the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific and maintains a running log of all the tropical waves and LOWs referenced, naming the waves from phonetic alphabetical lists he has selected to avoid confusion. The vast majority of such waves can be traced back to western Africa or at least the eastern tropical Atlantic, but in the case of the pre-Daniel disturbance, John's log first references this tropical wave on 20 Jul when it was already located in the Pacific south of southeastern Mexico. So if this system had indeed originated on the Atlantic side of Central America, there apparently was not enough information to clearly piece together any possible earlier history of the wave. A 1009-mb LOW had formed on the wave axis by 22 Jul when it was located several hundred miles south of Manzanillo, Mexico. The first visible imagery on 23 Jul indicated that the disturbance had become organized enough to be classified as a tropical depression, so advisories were initiated on TD-06E. At 1200 UTC the depression was centered about 525 nm south-southwest of Manzanillo with 30-kt wind estimates from TAFB and SAB. Infrared imagery showed cold cloud tops to -80 C and outflow was good everywhere except on the eastern side. Intensification proceeded steadily and the system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Daniel on the second advisory. Six hours later the MSW was upped to 50 kts based on 45-kt satellite estimates from the three agencies and a report from ship PJPO of 26-kt winds and a SLP of 1004.8 mb from a point about 100 nm northwest of the center. A small, persistent cold CDO was positioned right over Daniel's center. By 24/1200 UTC Dvorak estimates had reached 65 kts and a 0835 UTC TRMM image depicted an eye-like feature, so Daniel was upgraded to a hurricane at 1500 UTC when it was centered approximately 650 nm south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas. The storm was moving to the west- northwest at 15 kts and appeared to be rapidly intensifying. By 0600 UTC on the 25th Daniel exhibited a classic appearance in satellite imagery with a 15-nm eye embedded in cold cloud tops. Intensity estimates from TAFB and SAB had reached T5.5, so the MSW was increased to 100 kts at 0900 UTC, thereby making Daniel a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir/Simpson scale. The hurricane was centered more than 700 nm southwest of Cabo San Lucas and moving west-northwestward fairly quickly at 18 kts. Hurricane Daniel reached its peak intensity of 110 kts from 25/1800 to 26/0000 UTC with an estimated attendant CP of 952 mb. After peaking Daniel's eye became less distinct and the winds slowly decreased; however, the hurricane maintained an impressive inner core convective structure. There was a burst of cold convection (-80 to -82 C) in the southern eyewall on the morning of 26 Jul, indicating that slightly cooler SSTs had not affected the intensity of Daniel too much at that point. The hurricane experienced some weakening on 27 Jul as it continued westward, steered by a well-established mid-level ridge to the north. The eye appeared to expand and the MSW was decreased to 90 kts. By 28/0000 UTC the storm presented the appearance of a very well-organized hurricane with a round CDO and a distinct eye. T-numbers had reached T5.5 with objective numbers peaking at T6.0. With the storm near marginal SSTs, the MSW was set at 95 kts but the 0300 UTC discussion noted that winds might be 100 kts. However, six hours later, even with Daniel over SSTs near 25 C, the satellite signature had improved to the point that winds were increased again to 105 kts. TAFB's estimate as well as some objective Dvorak estimates were as high as 115 kts. Daniel at this time was moving slightly west-northwestward at around 16 kts due to some weak southerly shear and a mid- to upper- level trough passing to the north which acted to weaken the subtropical ridge. By 1800 UTC on 28 Jul the hurricane was definitely weakening and the MSW was decreased to 90 kts. Daniel was located about 875 nm east-southeast of Hilo, Hawaii, and was approaching 140W, so warning responsibility was handed to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center in Honolulu. After entering the Central North Pacific Daniel came under increased shear aloft and continued to weaken. The MSW was lowered to minimal hurricane intensity at 29/0600 UTC. The discussion from CPHC at 2100 UTC noted that some deep convection had redeveloped near the circulation center, and with Dvorak estimates of T3.5 and T4.0 from SAB and Honolulu, the hurricane intensity was maintained, even though the latest scatterometer data did not confirm the presence of a closed circulation. During the afternoon a reconnaissance airplane flew into the storm and found a CP of 995 mb with estimated maximum surface winds of 55 kts, so Daniel was downgraded to a 60-kt tropical storm at 0300 UTC on 30 Jul. The storm was then located about 400 nm east of Hilo, moving to the west-northwest. For the next day or so Daniel pretty much held its own with winds fluctuating around 50-55 kts. A reconnaissance flight around 1800 UTC on the 30th found winds to 50 kts and greater at flight level northeast of the center. The LLCC was beginning to separate from the deep convection and Daniel was beginning to move on a more westerly course that was projected to take the weakening storm across the central Hawaiian Islands. However, during the afternoon (local time) of 30 Jul, Daniel strengthened slightly and took a jog to the right, likely due to deep convection which had redeveloped to the north of the center pulling the storm northward and allowing a greater influence from upper-level winds with a southerly component. This jog was very significant in that it more or less assured that Daniel's center would remain north of the islands. A reconnaissance aircraft also indicated that the eye had reformed with deep convection covering the LLCC once more. The MSW estimate was upped to 55 kts in the 31/0300 UTC advisory. This re-intensification did not last long as Daniel began to present a sheared appearance. Winds were decreased to 50 kts at 0900 UTC and to 45 kts six hours later. But by 31/1800 UTC, Daniel had pulled another surprise and re-intensified significantly. The LLCC had once more moved beneath the upper-level cirrus dense overcast and convection was beginning to wrap around the center. CPHC increased the MSW estimate to 60 kts--just shy of hurricane force. The storm was centered roughly 125 nm northeast of Hilo at this time, still moving basically on a west-northwesterly track. This strong pulsation was apparently due to a favorable interaction with an upper-level trough to the west. An eye became apparent as the convection wrapped around the center. But, like the earlier intensification spurt, this one was also short-lived. By early afternoon (local time) on the 31st, the convection was collapsing and the eye feature had closed up. Thereafter, Daniel slowly weakened as it moved to the west-northwest and passed north of the Hawaiian chain. At 1200 UTC on 1 Aug the LLCC (which was exposed) was about 130 nm northeast of Honolulu while the nearest deep convection was about 100 nm to the north of the center. The MSW was down to 45 kts by this time. A reconnaissance flight a few hours earlier had found a CP of 1001 mb but maximum FLW of only 32 kts. During succeeding days convection would occasionally break out along the storm's northern flank, the result of which was to pull the system northwestward. Daniel gradually weakened over the next few days, although some convection would occasionally flare up near the LLCC despite its movement over cooler waters. The storm never really showed any significant signs of re-intensification but the persistent convection did serve to prevent Daniel from weakening as rapidly as might be expected. By 1200 UTC on 3 Aug the convection within the circulation had all but collapsed and Daniel was downgraded to a tropical depression well to the northwest of Hawaii. The depression continued moving to the northwest until around 04/0000 UTC when it appeared to be turning to the north as it "punched" through the subtropical ridge. The steadily weakening depression moved generally northward along 170W but the system stubbornly clung to life for another day or so by generating a few sporadic thunderstorms mainly to the south of the center. Finally, by 0600 UTC on 5 Aug all deep convection had ceased within the LLCC and Daniel was declared dissipated about 600 nm northeast of Midway Island. Except for some wobbles in the vicinity of Hawaii, this long-lived and far-travelled hurricane followed a remarkably smooth and regular track for its entire life. Tropical Storm Emilia (TC-07E) 26 - 30 July ------------------------------- The origins of the Eastern Pacific's fifth tropical storm of the season were connected with a tropical wave first identified in the east-central tropical Atlantic on 14 Jul. The disturbance propagated westward, entering the Caribbean Sea on the 17th, and had emerged into the Pacific Ocean by around 22 Jul. On that day a 1010-mb LOW was noted south of El Salvador. The wave continued to move westward and by the early morning of 25 Jul had become somewhat more organized. Showers associated with the disturbance at this stage spread north- ward and led to some locally heavy rains over portions of southwestern Mexico. By 1200 UTC on 26 Jul the system had become organized enough that advisories were initiated on TD-07E. The depression was then centered about 540 nm south of Cabo San Lucas. Although deep convection had become less centralized over the previous six hours, the overall convective pattern had improved. A 0748 UTC TRMM overpass indicated a mid-level circulation in the 85 GHz channel that was about 60 nm north of the LLCC as seen in the 37 GHz channel. Even though satellite intensity estimates were below tropical storm strength at 1800 UTC, later visible imagery revealed that an inner convective region had formed with an outer band wrapped more than halfway around it. On this basis the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Emilia on the 2100 UTC advisory. While Emilia presented a very well-defined LLCC with a pattern resembling a banding-type eye, the convection was neither strong nor concentrated near the broad center. There were occasional bursts of deep convection, and the MSW estimate reached 45 kts by 27/0600 UTC but remained there until 1800 UTC when there was an improvement in the organization of Emilia. Dvorak intensity estimates at 1800 UTC were 50 kts and 55 kts from TAFB and SAB, respectively, so Emilia's winds were upped to 55 kts--the peak for the storm's history. The center was located approximately 300 nm south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas at this time. The storm maintained this intensity for about twelve hours as it moved northwestward at 12 kts, but by 0600 UTC on the 28th had begun to weaken. Most of the associated convection had dissipated, and even though KGWC gave Emilia a 65-kt estimate with 55 kts from the other agencies, the lack of convection and motion over cooler SSTs suggested a lower intensity so the MSW was dropped to 50 kts. Some deep convection subsequently returned to the central region of Emilia, but northeasterly shear kept it from wrapping around the LLCC. Since its inception Emilia had been moving on a fairly straight northwesterly track, but upon reaching the 20th parallel, the weakening cyclone turned abruptly to the west and followed a general westerly course for the rest of its existence. The effects of shear and motion over cooler waters caused the storm to begin weakening rapidly after 1200 UTC on 28 Jul. Winds were down to minimal tropical storm intensity by 29/0000 UTC but were held there for about 18 hours due to Dvorak estimates from KGWC, TAFB, and SAB of 35 kts, and also due to the possibility of a convective flare-up during the diurnal maximum. There was a flare-up near the center around 1200 UTC, but by the after- noon of the 29th the convection had diminished and Emilia was down- graded to a depression at 2100 UTC, and the final advisory was issued at 0300 UTC on 30 Jul, placing the dissipating center about 625 nm west-southwest of Cabo San Lucas. *********************************************************************** NORTHWEST PACIFIC (NWP) - North Pacific Ocean West of Longitude 180 Activity for July: 2 tropical depressions 4 tropical storms ** 2 typhoons ** - One of these, Chanchu, was a redevelopment of Tropical Storm Upana from the Central North Pacific. Another was a system for which no warnings were issued by any TCWC but was considered a tropical storm by Dr. Mark Lander of the University of Guam. NOTE!!! The Northwest Pacific basin was covered in Part 1 of the July summary which was issued on 4 September. However, the Northwest Pacific portion of Tropical Storm Upana/Chanchu is covered in this edition in the Northeast Pacific basin section above. *********************************************************************** NORTH INDIAN OCEAN (NIO) - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea Activity for July: No tropical cyclones *********************************************************************** SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN (SWI) - South Indian Ocean West of Longitude 90E Activity for July: No tropical cyclones *********************************************************************** NORTHWEST AUSTRALIA/SOUTHEAST INDIAN OCEAN (AUW) - From 90E to 135E Activity for July: No tropical cyclones *********************************************************************** NORTHEAST AUSTRALIA/CORAL SEA (AUE) - From 135E to 160E Activity for July: No tropical cyclones *********************************************************************** SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN (SPA) - South Pacific Ocean East of Longitude 160E Activity for July: No tropical cyclones *********************************************************************** EXTRA FEATURE In order to shorten the amount of typing in preparing the narrative material, I have been in the habit of freely using abbreviations and acronyms. I have tried to define most of these with the first usage in a given summary, but I may have missed one now and then. Most of these are probably understood by a majority of readers but perhaps a few aren't clear to some. To remedy this I developed a Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms which I first included in the July, 1998 summary. I don't normally include the Glossary in most months in order to help keep them from being too long. If anyone would like to receive a copy of the Glossary, please send me an e-mail and I'll be happy to send them a copy. *********************************************************************** AUTHOR'S NOTE: This summary should be considered a very preliminary overview of the tropical cyclones that occur in each month. The cyclone tracks (provided separately) will generally be based upon operational warnings issued by the various tropical cyclone warning centers. The information contained therein may differ somewhat from the tracking and intensity information obtained from a "best-track" file which is based on a detailed post-seasonal analysis of all available data. Information on where to find official "best-track" files from the various warning centers will be passed along from time to time. The track files are not being sent via e-mail. They can be retrieved in the following manner: (a) FTP to: hrd-type42.nhc.noaa.gov [140.90.176.206] (b) Login as: anonymous (c) For a password use your e-mail address (d) Go to "data" subdirectory (Type: cd data) (e) Set file type to ASCII (Type: ascii) (f) Transfer file (Type: get remote_file_name local_file_name ) (The files will be named with an obvious nomenclature--using July as an example: jul00.tracks) (g) To exit FTP, type: quit Both the summaries and the track files are standard text files created in DOS editor. Download to disk and use a viewer such as Notepad or DOS editor to view the files. The first summary in this series covered the month of October, 1997. If anyone wishes to retrieve any of the previous summaries, they may be downloaded from the aforementioned FTP site at HRD. The summary files are catalogued with the nomenclature: jul00.sum, for example. Back issues can also be obtained from the following websites (courtesy of Michael Bath, Michael V. Padua, Tom Berg, Michael Pitt, and Rich Henning): OR Another website where much information about tropical cyclones may be found is the website for the UK Meteorological Office. Their site contains a lot of statistical information about tropical cyclones globally on a monthly basis. The URL is: TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORTS AVAILABLE I have discovered that JTWC now has available on its website the complete Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (ATCR) for 1999 (1998-1999 season for the Southern Hemisphere). Also, ATCRs for earlier years are available also. The URL is: Also, TPC/NHC has available on its webpage nice "technicolor" tracking charts for the 1999 Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones; also, preliminary storm reports for all the 1999 Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific cyclones are now available. The URL is: Prepared by: Gary Padgett E-mail: garyp at alaweb.com Phone: 334-222-5327 (nights & weekends) / 850-882-2594 (weekdays) *********************************************************************** *********************************************************************** +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 07:06:50 +1000 From: Anthony Cornelius X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.72 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: Australian Weather Mailing List Subject: aus-wx: Interesting Upper Level Low Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi all, Has anyone else noticed that interesting upper level low showing up nicely on the WV drifting across central SA and northern NSW to the ENE? Models really haven't picked it up, but on Monday some convection popped up on the NW side of it, the convective/unstable area continued into SW QLD late yesterday, and some small storms popped up on the sat pics (near Thargomindah I think! :) Looking at the WV, the upper level low is centred over around the Northern Tablelands of NSW. There's a small area of instability evident on GMSD over the Darling Downs. The upper level low also appears to have extended and deepened the (heat - well, maintained by heat) trough over inland QLD and dragged it a little closer to the coast. Looking the sats/MSL - it would (IMO), possibly suggest that it'd be favourable for t'storm development around SE QLD this afternoon. I know it's still relatively dry (DP's in the low-mid teens), but Charleville had a -21C FP yesterday, and storms were forming to its south, and unless there's a small pocket of moist air there, you'd expect the area to generally be quite dry. Any thoughts Brisbanites/SE QLD'ers? The BoM haven't made any mention of it. Will have to see if anything eventuates... -- Anthony Cornelius Queensland Coordinator of the Australian Severe Weather Association (ASWA) (07) 3390 4812 14 Kinsella St Belmont, Brisbane QLD, 4153 Please report severe thunderstorms on our Queensland severe thunderstorm reporting line on (07) 3390 4218 or by going to our homepage at http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "John Woodbridge" To: Subject: RE: aus-wx: Interesting Upper Level Low Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 08:13:00 +1000 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook CWS, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Anthony, Could you please explain to us lesser mortals, what 'WV' stands for? (and where we might go to see it) John. >snip Subject: aus-wx: Interesting Upper Level Low Hi all, Has anyone else noticed that interesting upper level low showing up nicely on the WV drifting across central SA and northern NSW to the ENE? Models really haven't picked it up, but on Monday some convection popped up on the NW side of it, the convective/unstable area continued into SW QLD late yesterday, and some small storms popped up on the sat pics (near Thargomindah I think! :) Looking at the WV, the upper level low is centred over around the Northern Tablelands of NSW. There's a small area of instability evident on GMSD over the Darling Downs. The upper level low also appears to have extended and deepened the (heat - well, maintained by heat) trough over inland QLD and dragged it a little closer to the coast. Looking the sats/MSL - it would (IMO), possibly suggest that it'd be favourable for t'storm development around SE QLD this afternoon. I know it's still relatively dry (DP's in the low-mid teens), but Charleville had a -21C FP yesterday, and storms were forming to its south, and unless there's a small pocket of moist air there, you'd expect the area to generally be quite dry. Any thoughts Brisbanites/SE QLD'ers? The BoM haven't made any mention of it. Will have to see if anything eventuates... -- Anthony Cornelius +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: Malcolm Ninnes To: "'aussie-weather at world.std.com'" Subject: aus-wx: ASWA AGM photos? Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 09:33:13 +1100 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2448.0) Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi all, Just wondering if anyone from the AGM had any pics on the web yet? I have about a dozen that I'll have to scan one of these days - just wondering if any of those group photos turned out and have been scanned by someone else? Mal. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Sender: mbath at pop.ozemail.com.au X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.0 Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 09:45:19 +1000 To: aussie-weather at world.std.com From: Michael Bath Subject: Re: aus-wx: ASWA AGM photos? and WV Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com There is a selection here: http://australiasevereweather.com/temp/agm/ taken by Geoff Thurtell. WV stands for Water Vapour. You can access some images through our links page: http://australiasevereweather.com/links/ozsatpic.htm regards, Michael At 09:33 04/10/2000 +1100, you wrote: >Hi all, > >Just wondering if anyone from the AGM had any pics on the web yet? I have >about a dozen that I'll have to scan one of these days - just wondering if >any of those group photos turned out and have been scanned by someone else? > > >Mal. > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ ============================================================= Michael Bath mailto:mbath at ozemail.com.au McLeans Ridges http://australiasevereweather.com/ NE NSW Australia http://www.lightningphotography.com/ ASWA Secretary http://www.severeweather.asn.au/ ============================================================= +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "Matthew Piper" To: Subject: aus-wx: Another Wind Question Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 10:02:49 +1100 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Harald, I have often wondered about this and you have provided a really good explanation. Another question for you or anyone else that might know is this. Why does wind often calm down around sunrise and sunset? You can have a really windy day and then right on sunset the wind will calm right down. But then as soon as you think it has gone it comes back during the evening. Right on sunrise the same situation happens with wind before and after. I presume it occurs by a similar mechanism to what you have just described although something different must be going on. By the way the situation I described often occurs in conditions where there may be a number of fronts passing by in a westerly airstream. Matthew Piper ----- Original Message ----- From: "Harald Richter" To: "Australian Severe Weather Association" Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2000 5:40 AM Subject: Re: aus-wx: Nights, Wind and Frosts > > Hi Michael, > > Michael wrote: > > I hope my explanation is correct, but it is simply that the heat ( relative > > speaking ) of the day, especially midafternoon creates a greater lapse rate > > in the lower parts of the atmosphere, thus we get some air rising. At night > > the surface temperature plummets and matches more closely the air above. > > The daytime solar heating generally creates a so-called well-mixed > boundary layer that has a dry adiabatic lapse rate (~ 9.9 C/1000 m). > Air within this convective boundary layer can relatively freely > move up or down, hence the whole thing is well-mixed. > > Some time before sunset the outgoing longwave radiation from the ground > radiates away more energy than the incoming solar radiation provides. > This means that the ground loses energy and cools. The air above it > generally cools less quickly, hence you often get the formation of > a nocturnal inversion (T increases with height within a thin layer). > Especially during clear nights with low RH > the cool near-surface air is generally cooler than the air above. > > Michael also wrote: > > The reverse happens at night when cold air moves over the ocean, the ocean > > is much the same temp at night as it is day, therefore the night lapse rate > > over the sea surface is greater, hence the lovely autumn Cb's offshore and > > the odd east coast low. > > The ocean's heat capacity is significantly larger than that of soil/rock. > Despite outgoing longwave radiation the ocean's surface temperature > remains fairly constant at night, not allowing the formation of > a cool near-surface layer of air. Now the air above the surface layer > cools more relative to the surface-layer air, leading to an > increased lapse rate at night. > > Andrew typed earlier: > > > Why do the conditions of the day dissapear at night, and redevelop the > > > next day (keeping in mind that Taralga is at 800m, just east of the top > > > of the divide and the synoptic situation is post-cold-frontal)? > > One of the key mechanisms that come to mind is the role of boundary layers > in the vertical transport of horizontal momentum (i.e. "wind"). A deep > daytime boundary layer has the ability of mixing "stronger winds" > down to the surface. Once the boundary layer collapses due to radiative > cooling, the downward mixing of momentum diminishes as well. > > Cheers, Harald > > > -- > ------------------------------------------- > Harald Richter > NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory > 1313 Halley Circle > Norman, OK 73069, U.S.A. > ph.: (405) 366-0430 > fax: (405) 579-0808 > email: hrichter at enterprise.nssl.noaa.gov > web: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/~hrichter > ------------------------------------------- > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: Harald Richter Subject: aus-wx: Another Wind Question To: aussie-weather at world.std.com (Australian Severe Weather Association) Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2000 18:38:08 -0500 (CDT) X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.5 PL3] Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Matthew, > Why does wind often calm down around sunrise and sunset? You can have a > really windy day and then right on sunset the wind will calm right down. But > then as soon as you think it has gone it comes back during the evening. > Right on sunrise the same situation happens with wind before and after. I > presume it occurs by a similar mechanism to what you have just described > although something different must be going on. By the way the situation I > described often occurs in conditions where there may be a number of fronts > passing by in a westerly airstream. It is pretty risky to give a blanket one-fits-all answer to your questions without looking at the actual case data. Whatever I say can only be understood as a "in the past many cases have shown that..." type statements. My first take on winds calming down at sunset is that a decaying daytime convective boundary layer stops mixing higher momentum (winds) down to the surface. Lack of vertical mixing of momentum can also have a second effect, though. An air parcel at, say, 368 metres AGL is happily and slowly accelerating under the influence of some weak pressure gradient. This parcel is experiencing less bumps from below in the absence of the convective daytime boundary layer. A bunch of those happy accelerating parcels can form a "nocturnal jet." This jet eventually breaks down when the next convective boundary layer (on day II) is injecting low momentum air from below (momentum exchange works both ways). The breakdown might be associated with mixing of higher momentum down to the surface. Here are two mechanisms to explain surface/low-level winds. There are more in the stack (terrain channelling, drainage flows, increase of the larger-scale horiz. pressure gradients, ....). Cheers, Harald -- ------------------------------------------- Harald Richter NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory 1313 Halley Circle Norman, OK 73069, U.S.A. ph.: (405) 366-0430 fax: (405) 579-0808 email: hrichter at enterprise.nssl.noaa.gov web: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/~hrichter ------------------------------------------- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "macdonald" To: Subject: aus-wx: September averages Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 12:53:21 +1000 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Hi All
 
Weather up here in SE Qld has been blo#dy boring.  Before I get to September, the 1st October we got to 34.8C.
Guyra had a max of 25C for September - a new record.  The previous was 24.0.
 
Here at Tallai, for September
Total rainfall - 14.0mm,
2 raindays
Lowest min was 5.2, 1st, and 4th Sept
Highest min 18.3, 27th
Lowest max 21.7, 3rd
Highest max 32.3, 29th
5 days equal to or greater than 30.0
Average max 26.9, Average min 11.3
 
cheers
Sam
 
From: "Pearce" To: Subject: Re: aus-wx: Sydney now flying three sondes daily Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 16:02:04 +1000 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.3018.1300 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Yes this is definitely a good thing, but has it come at the expense of other forecasting tools? MSLP charts now only seem to appear at 4am, 10am, 4pm and 10pm, and are always CONSIDERABLY delayed(like up to 3 hours) before they appear on the net. It would be great if we had both soundings and surface charts available frequently... Matt +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 03:50:41 +1000 From: Don White X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: September averages Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com wHERE EXACTLY IS tALLAI?? tHANKS, dON W > macdonald wrote: > > Hi All > > Weather up here in SE Qld has been blo#dy boring. Before I get to > September, the 1st October we got to 34.8C. > Guyra had a max of 25C for September - a new record. The previous was > 24.0. > > Here at Tallai, for September > Total rainfall - 14.0mm, > 2 raindays > Lowest min was 5.2, 1st, and 4th Sept > Highest min 18.3, 27th > Lowest max 21.7, 3rd > Highest max 32.3, 29th > 5 days equal to or greater than 30.0 > Average max 26.9, Average min 11.3 > > cheers > Sam > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "Chris Daley" To: Subject: Re: aus-wx: Darwin Webcam Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 16:41:15 +1000 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com I had no trouble at all accessing the site today, but it's the first time its worked for me in a while. Chris ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jane ONeill" To: Sent: Tuesday, October 03, 2000 9:30 PM Subject: Re: aus-wx: Darwin Webcam > > Help - I can't access that site - is anyone else having the same problem?????? > or is it my ISP? > > I get "Netscape is unable to locate the server" and with IE I get "Internet > Explorer cannot open the internet site........" > > Jane > -------------------------------- > Jane ONeill - Melbourne > cadence at stormchasers.au.com > > Melbourne Storm Chasers > http://www.stormchasers.au.com > > ASWA - Victoria > http://www.severeweather.asn.au > -------------------------------- > > Matthew Piper wrote: > > > Hi Jane and others, > > > > The Darwin Webcam is still up and running. I am viewing it right now. For > > those who havent been to this site before the URL is > > > > http://www.qantmnt.au-net.com/webcam/index.html > > > > At the moment of course there is nothing to see as it is dark in Darwin but > > if your lucky you might be able to see some lightning captured on it. > > > > Matthew Piper > > > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "dann weatherhead" To: Subject: Re: aus-wx: Sydney now flying three sondes daily Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 16:43:18 +1000 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Yeah, i have noticed this too lately, that the MSLP charts are always late, sometimes 10am chart coming out at 4pm and 4pm not until after midnight on occasions. Is there a reason for this? dann > Yes this is definitely a good thing, but has it come at the expense of other > forecasting tools? MSLP charts now only seem to appear at 4am, 10am, 4pm and > 10pm, and are always CONSIDERABLY delayed(like up to 3 hours) before they > appear on the net. It would be great if we had both soundings and surface > charts available frequently... > > Matt > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 14:50:18 +0800 From: Mark Dwyer X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.72 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: What does "WV" stand for Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi All , John to answer ur question of what does " WV " Stand for , well i think it is short for Water Vapor, i may or maynot be correct on this. MJ. John Woodbridge wrote: > Hi Anthony, > > Could you please explain to us lesser mortals, what 'WV' stands for? > (and where we might go to see it) > > John. > >snip > > Subject: aus-wx: Interesting Upper Level Low > > Hi all, > > Has anyone else noticed that interesting upper level low showing up > nicely on the WV drifting across central SA and northern NSW to the > ENE? Models really haven't picked it up, but on Monday some convection > popped up on the NW side of it, the convective/unstable area continued > into SW QLD late yesterday, and some small storms popped up on the sat > pics (near Thargomindah I think! :) Looking at the WV, the upper level > low is centred over around the Northern Tablelands of NSW. There's a > small area of instability evident on GMSD over the Darling Downs. The > upper level low also appears to have extended and deepened the (heat - > well, maintained by heat) trough over inland QLD and dragged it a little > closer to the coast. Looking the sats/MSL - it would (IMO), possibly > suggest that it'd be favourable for t'storm development around SE QLD > this afternoon. I know it's still relatively dry (DP's in the low-mid > teens), but Charleville had a -21C FP yesterday, and storms were forming > to its south, and unless there's a small pocket of moist air there, > you'd expect the area to generally be quite dry. > > Any thoughts Brisbanites/SE QLD'ers? The BoM haven't made any mention > of it. Will have to see if anything eventuates... > -- > Anthony Cornelius > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ -- Mark Dwyer Storm Chaser, Photographer & Webmaster of: Downunder Severe Weather http://dsw.au.com and a Member of the Australian Severe Weather Association Inc. http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 18:07:34 +1000 From: Jane ONeill X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: Aussie-wx Subject: aus-wx: QUESTION re Dewpoints Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Anthony, What is an FP of -21C? - I've been racking brain all day and can't make sense of it. BTW, Area 43 METARS (W Queensland) are showing DP's of -10C, -11C & -17C with air temps around 30C ish - are these correct? as there are others showing +7C, +8C in the same area Take Thargomindah for example (please) - METAR YTGM 0600Z 12007KT //// 32/M11 Q1016 RMK RF00.0/000.2 How could you have a DP of -11C with .2mm falling since 9am??? I know it's still relatively dry (DP's in the low-mid teens), but Charleville had a -21C FP yesterday, and storms were forming to its south, and unless there's a small pocket of moist air there, you'd expect the area to generally be quite dry. Jane -------------------------------- Jane ONeill - Melbourne cadence at stormchasers.au.com Melbourne Storm Chasers http://www.stormchasers.au.com ASWA - Victoria http://www.severeweather.asn.au -------------------------------- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 06:04:02 +1000 From: Don White X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Sydney now flying three sondes daily Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Matthew.. I remember the day when the 3 pm chart was printed in the following morning's paper - now its the 00Z ! That's computerisation for you. Sydney's afternoon paper The Sun used to have the 9 am chart in its 1st (midday) edition. If a newspaper could have a 9 am chart in a printed form 30 years ago, why the hell is there at least a 3 hour delay on the net today???? But then again, we shouldn't bag the Bureau, should we?? don W PS I also remember when the Bureau put out 2 manual progs per day - that was only a year or two ago - more progress. Pearce wrote: > > Yes this is definitely a good thing, but has it come at the expense of other > forecasting tools? MSLP charts now only seem to appear at 4am, 10am, 4pm and > 10pm, and are always CONSIDERABLY delayed(like up to 3 hours) before they > appear on the net. It would be great if we had both soundings and surface > charts available frequently... > > Matt > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 18:17:24 +1000 From: Jane ONeill X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Who are you? Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com SG, Are you a member of the Australian Severe Weather Association (ASWA)? There are a number of members in South Australia & they have meetings regularly - and the discussion of SA weather would be a major part of those events, as well as the other benefits from membership. There is a fair depth of knowledge throughout the membership there. If you contact Andrew or Kathryn Wall at astroman at chariot.net.au , I'm sure they will be able to give you more details. This aussie-weather list has been a great way for people to be able to share all sorts of skills, knowledge and tasks & I'm sure that you would benefit from being a part of a group and being able to share in the ever growing skill base that is more than 200 strong and growing rapidly!! All the best, Jane -------------------------------- Jane ONeill - Melbourne cadence at stormchasers.au.com Melbourne Storm Chasers http://www.stormchasers.au.com ASWA - Victoria http://www.severeweather.asn.au -------------------------------- S G wrote: > I think the main objective of this list is to discuss the weather, therefore > names and my anti social response to the e-mail should not be a problem for > people replying to my e-mails. I also think that you cylve seem to have a > certain attitutude to people like me which I do not appreciate, I was not > being rude or trying to start a fight with anyone on this list in the first > place but it seems like you want to. My reply was to jimmy and I tryed to > ignore it in the first place as I knew people like you wouldn't understand > my view. The fact is that the responses to anybody's e-mails about the > Adelaide weather is poor and it is just a fact. If you don't want to > discuss the weather then I would prefer not to here from someone like you. > By the way I don't see why people just can't call me S.G.!!! > > >Hi SG. > >Your rather anti social response to this request and then your response to > >the pathetic reply rates to your emails, reflects the mood of the list in > >replying to someone who wishes to remain anon, just as you claim this to be > >your right then it is the right of individuals not to reply to someone > >with > >an attitude you seem to have towards others on the list goodbye Clyve > >Herbert > > _________________________________________________________________________ > Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. > > Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at > http://profiles.msn.com. > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Authentication-Warning: new-smtp1.ihug.com.au: Host p61-max60.syd.ihug.com.au [203.109.164.61] claimed to be storm.ihug.com.au X-Sender: jdeguara at pop.ihug.com.au X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.0 Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 18:14:41 +1000 To: aussie-weather at world.std.com From: Jimmy Deguara Subject: Re: aus-wx: Sydney now flying three sondes daily Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Don, The thing that annoys me is that they were much more readable - with 2hPa contour intervals. How much I would like to go back to the quality they had back then!!!! You could see the troughs and compare with the satellite pictures. I was looking at some of the charts of the past Michael Bath has in his books and I know you have Don, and I tell you, I enjoyed seeing them and wish some of the conditions we experienced back then occurred this spring!!! Enough said.... Dry day here in Schofields with humidity levels beginning to increase with the NE sea breezes. We have cumulus patches from the NE this afternoon. Cheers. Jimmy Deguara At 06:04 AM 4/10/00 +1000, you wrote: >Matthew.. >I remember the day when the 3 pm chart was printed in the following >morning's paper - now its the 00Z ! That's computerisation for you. >Sydney's afternoon paper The Sun used to have the 9 am chart in its 1st >(midday) edition. >If a newspaper could have a 9 am chart in a printed form 30 years ago, >why the hell is there at least a 3 hour delay on the net today???? > But then again, we shouldn't bag the Bureau, should we?? > >don W >PS I also remember when the Bureau put out 2 manual progs per day - that >was only a year or two ago - more progress. > > >Pearce wrote: > > > > Yes this is definitely a good thing, but has it come at the expense of > other > > forecasting tools? MSLP charts now only seem to appear at 4am, 10am, > 4pm and > > 10pm, and are always CONSIDERABLY delayed(like up to 3 hours) before they > > appear on the net. It would be great if we had both soundings and surface > > charts available frequently... > > > > Matt > > > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > > message. > > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- Jimmy Deguara Storm Chaser and Mathematics Teacher from Schofields, Sydney NSW Australia e-mail:jdeguara at ihug.com.au Web Page with Michael Bath Australian Severe Weather Home Page http://www.australiasevereweather.com President of the Australian Severe Weather Association http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 17:40:56 +1000 From: Anthony Cornelius X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.72 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: QUESTION re Dewpoints Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Jane, FP = Frost Point...since the DP is the temperature that you have to reduce the air to form due...well, if the DP is negative, if that temperature is reached, you won't get dew...but frost. I just call it FP - although sometimes I just call it the DP. Last Saturday, when DP's were in the low single figures, I was getting spits on my windscreen...although I think M11 and 0.2mm of rain is difficult to achieve, there were certainly storms out there last night. AC Jane ONeill wrote: > > Anthony, > > What is an FP of -21C? - I've been racking brain all day and can't make > sense of it. > > BTW, Area 43 METARS (W Queensland) are showing DP's of -10C, -11C & -17C > with air temps around 30C ish - are these correct? as there are others > showing +7C, +8C in the same area > > Take Thargomindah for example (please) - METAR YTGM 0600Z 12007KT //// > 32/M11 Q1016 RMK RF00.0/000.2 > > How could you have a DP of -11C with .2mm falling since 9am??? > > > I know it's still relatively dry (DP's in the low-mid > teens), but Charleville had a -21C FP yesterday, and storms were forming > > to its south, and unless there's a small pocket of moist air there, > you'd expect the area to generally be quite dry. > > Jane > -------------------------------- > Jane ONeill - Melbourne > cadence at stormchasers.au.com > > Melbourne Storm Chasers > http://www.stormchasers.au.com > > ASWA - Victoria > http://www.severeweather.asn.au > -------------------------------- > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ -- Anthony Cornelius Queensland Coordinator of the Australian Severe Weather Association (ASWA) (07) 3390 4812 14 Kinsella St Belmont, Brisbane QLD, 4153 Please report severe thunderstorms on our Queensland severe thunderstorm reporting line on (07) 3390 4218 or by going to our homepage at http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Authentication-Warning: new-smtp1.ihug.com.au: Host p61-max60.syd.ihug.com.au [203.109.164.61] claimed to be storm.ihug.com.au X-Sender: jdeguara at pop.ihug.com.au X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.0 Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 19:08:41 +1000 To: aussie-weather at world.std.com From: Jimmy Deguara Subject: aus-wx: Mudgee classical supercell and pathetic pics Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com http://australiasevereweather.com/photography/photos/new/jd.html Some of the latest photos. The last lot of pathetic lightning shots are of the classic supercell on the 16th September out near Mudgee. Well the first one best shows this but hard to see. The photo is taken from the northern side and you are seeing the back end of the region where the flanking line meets the storm. These are the first attempts but there was insufficient light from the lightning which I found peculiar for such a storm. Even the video did not come out that well. Very disappointing. What a time to stuff up pictures but that is inexperience. More photos in the next film.... from the event... ----------------------------------------- Jimmy Deguara Storm Chaser and Mathematics Teacher from Schofields, Sydney NSW Australia e-mail:jdeguara at ihug.com.au Web Page with Michael Bath Australian Severe Weather Home Page http://www.australiasevereweather.com President of the Australian Severe Weather Association http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "Steve Summers" To: Subject: aus-wx: TV Series October/November Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 16:15:41 +0800 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com
Hi All
Upcoming TV series AUSTRALIA - EYE OF THE STORM. on ABC at 2030 on the following dates
LA NINA...........Wed 25th October
SOUTHERN EXPOSURE........Wed 1st November
EL NINO......................Wed 8th November
MONSOON................Wed 15th November 
 
A natural history series that describes the powerful climate systems that batter Australia and how they effect the weather, wildlife and the people of this island continent.
 
Further details abc.net.au/storm
 
 
Cheers
Steve
Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 18:59:30 +1000 From: Anthony Cornelius X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.72 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Interesting Upper Level Low Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi John and all, As Michael Bath has already mentioned WV stands for water vapour. I look at them quite frequently - I find them very useful in identifying flow patterns in the middle and upper levels. I believe that it detects the amount of WV from 650-350mb? (or at least, above 650mb), so it doesn't pick up low/surface level moisture. I find them good also in identifying the amount of upper level moisture - it helps in regards to rain etc, and also they're good for noticing strengthening jets - as it shows up on the WV before IR. As you can see...the upper level low circulation only showed up on the WV. AC John Woodbridge wrote: > > Hi Anthony, > > Could you please explain to us lesser mortals, what 'WV' stands for? > (and where we might go to see it) > > John. -- Anthony Cornelius Queensland Coordinator of the Australian Severe Weather Association (ASWA) (07) 3390 4812 14 Kinsella St Belmont, Brisbane QLD, 4153 Please report severe thunderstorms on our Queensland severe thunderstorm reporting line on (07) 3390 4218 or by going to our homepage at http://www.severeweather.asn.au +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 00:11:17 +0930 From: Nathan Thompson X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.73 [en] (Win95; U) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Darwin Webcam Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Jane, The url of Darwin webcam: http://www.qantmnt.com/webcam/index Hope this may work for you. >From Nathan. Jane ONeill wrote: > Help - I can't access that site - is anyone else having the same problem?????? > or is it my ISP? > > I get "Netscape is unable to locate the server" and with IE I get "Internet > Explorer cannot open the internet site........" > > Jane > -------------------------------- > Jane ONeill - Melbourne > cadence at stormchasers.au.com > > Melbourne Storm Chasers > http://www.stormchasers.au.com > > ASWA - Victoria > http://www.severeweather.asn.au > -------------------------------- > > Matthew Piper wrote: > > > Hi Jane and others, > > > > The Darwin Webcam is still up and running. I am viewing it right now. For > > those who havent been to this site before the URL is > > > > http://www.qantmnt.au-net.com/webcam/index.html > > > > At the moment of course there is nothing to see as it is dark in Darwin but > > if your lucky you might be able to see some lightning captured on it. > > > > Matthew Piper > > > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 18:53:58 +0930 From: Nathan Thompson X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.73 [en] (Win95; U) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: [Fwd: aus-wx: Darwin Webcam > Oops. Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Sorry the url was wrong. The correction is: http://www.qantmnt.com/webcam/index.html X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 Message-ID: <39D9F00C.6BBDFDA5 at health.on.net> Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 00:11:17 +0930 From: Nathan Thompson X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.73 [en] (Win95; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Darwin Webcam References: <39D9B5EA.CB11FA85 at stormchasers.au.com> <003b01c02d20$c672f580$0100a8c0 at mshome.net> <39D9C34C.6E30C753 at stormchasers.au.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Jane, The url of Darwin webcam: http://www.qantmnt.com/webcam/index Hope this may work for you. >From Nathan. Jane ONeill wrote: > Help - I can't access that site - is anyone else having the same problem?????? > or is it my ISP? > > I get "Netscape is unable to locate the server" and with IE I get "Internet > Explorer cannot open the internet site........" > > Jane > -------------------------------- > Jane ONeill - Melbourne > cadence at stormchasers.au.com > > Melbourne Storm Chasers > http://www.stormchasers.au.com > > ASWA - Victoria > http://www.severeweather.asn.au > -------------------------------- > > Matthew Piper wrote: > > > Hi Jane and others, > > > > The Darwin Webcam is still up and running. I am viewing it right now. For > > those who havent been to this site before the URL is > > > > http://www.qantmnt.au-net.com/webcam/index.html > > > > At the moment of course there is nothing to see as it is dark in Darwin but > > if your lucky you might be able to see some lightning captured on it. > > > > Matthew Piper > > > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 08:30:33 +1000 From: Don White X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: Aussie Weather Subject: aus-wx: Weather Real time Data Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com The Bureau's Olympic data sheet for sydney is updated everty 10 minutes and includes a considerable nuymber of sites all over the region. It is at www.olympic.bom.gov.au/products/IDN65066.shtml It is obviously updated automatically and therefore once establsihed, only requires minimal maintainance. Let's hope they keep it there. don W. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 20:43:18 +1000 From: Jane ONeill X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 [en] (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Darwin Webcam Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com http://www.qantmnt.com/webcam/ EUREKA!!!!! This one worked!!!!! A million thanks to you Nathan!! and many thanks to those of you with helpful suggestions - my ISP is complaining upline again!! Jane Nathan Thompson wrote: > Hi Jane, > > The url of Darwin webcam: http://www.qantmnt.com/webcam/index > > Hope this may work for you. > >From Nathan. > > Jane ONeill wrote: > > > Help - I can't access that site - is anyone else having the same problem?????? > > or is it my ISP? > > > > I get "Netscape is unable to locate the server" and with IE I get "Internet > > Explorer cannot open the internet site........" > > > > Jane > > -------------------------------- > > Jane ONeill - Melbourne > > cadence at stormchasers.au.com > > > > Melbourne Storm Chasers > > http://www.stormchasers.au.com > > > > ASWA - Victoria > > http://www.severeweather.asn.au > > -------------------------------- > > > > Matthew Piper wrote: > > > > > Hi Jane and others, > > > > > > The Darwin Webcam is still up and running. I am viewing it right now. For > > > those who havent been to this site before the URL is > > > > > > http://www.qantmnt.au-net.com/webcam/index.html > > > > > > At the moment of course there is nothing to see as it is dark in Darwin but > > > if your lucky you might be able to see some lightning captured on it. > > > > > > Matthew Piper > > > > > > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > > message. > > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ > > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your > message. > -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "Michael Thompson" To: Subject: Re: aus-wx: OFFTOPIC: Pictures from September / morning glories currently active Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 20:48:33 +1000 Organization: X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2014.211 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Robert Peterborough is probably not a bad destination. The Flinders can turn on some blinders of storms, when they happen ( speaking late Spring / Summer stuff here, not winter frontal ) they tend to occur on more then one day. I would be watching for these days and making a move after a storm day. Troughs often staff on the NSW/SA border. The downside is supercells may not be easy targeted that way as they may occur with faster moving weather systems, and would be one day events. Watch the models closely especially in regard to Lift Index. Michael > in from the northwest, so I drove north to Burra and then to Peterborough, > covering 550km in the day. From this I discovered I am absolutely shit > when it comes to forecasting storms, as there wasn't a cumulus in sight. > The following day I drove east to Murray Bridge and things were way worst! > +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ From: "Michael Thompson" To: Subject: aus-wx: Supercells this Saturday - Monday Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2000 21:43:06 +1000 Organization: X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2014.211 Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Could be some interesting storms this weekend in the NE half of New South Wales. A trough will be making its way up the NSW coast and stalling somewhat around the Queensland border before moving out to sea in the new week, dependant on what model you look at. What I really like is the 200mb winds, on Sunday we have a classic right jet stream exit region over the hunter. Then moving into Monday we have 140 knot jet right where the trough stalls in northern NSW. TT's over 50 feature in the areas mentioned. I do not like to run the LI's and CAPE until under 48 hours away as they tend to waver and vary so much, will do these Friday night / Saturday morning. Michael Thompson http://thunder.simplenet.com +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Sender: nzts.nz at pop3.caverock.net.nz X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.3 (32) Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 22:45:03 +1300 To: aussie-weather at world.std.com From: John Gaul Subject: aus-wx: Severe Squall Line Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com A severe squall line moved through Christchurch this afternoon causing damage with very strong cold Sw winds winds. Not much lightning activity associated with squall. Temp drop from 20 here to 7 in a space of a hour or so. Rain and hail. Our wattle crashed through fence and over the neighbour's back door preventing her from entering her house when she came home from work.I took good video shots of storm. John Gaul NZ Thunderstorm Society +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Originating-IP: [203.22.16.30] From: "Rod Aikman" To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: aus-wx: September averages & totals - Bendigo Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 21:08:49 EST X-OriginalArrivalTime: 04 Oct 2000 11:08:49.0932 (UTC) FILETIME=[7927ACC0:01C02DF3] Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi everyone, The following are the means, totals etc for Golden Square (alt. 235m)for September. Mean maximum temp: 17.1 (0.9 deg above average) Lowest max temp: 10.8 on the 7th Highest max temp: 22.4 on the 28th Mean minimum temp: 6.3 (0.4 deg above average) Lowest min temp: 0.1 on the 6th Highest min temp: 12.7 on the 29th. Rainfall: 63.1mm (mean 55mm; decile value 7) Raindays: 13 (mean 12) Highest 24 hour total: 25.6mm on the 8th Number of days with hail: 1 Number of days with thunder: 0 Number of days with frost: 5 Number of days with fog: 2 Number of days with strong wind (as estimated by Beaufort scale): 6 Number of days with gale force winds " " " : 1 Rod Aikman Golden Square, Bendigo, Vic _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Originating-IP: [203.171.105.207] From: "Kevin Phyland" To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: Re: aus-wx: Sydney now flying three sondes daily Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 22:26:15 EST X-OriginalArrivalTime: 04 Oct 2000 12:26:16.0153 (UTC) FILETIME=[4A84BC90:01C02DFE] Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi Jimmy, I too remember with fondness the detail of 2 mb (then) isobars but now wonder whether the interpolation (which it must have been given the paucity of recording stations across our wide brown land) was any more accurate or informative than the current 4 hp lines. On a 2 hp scale many features of even mesoscale would only have been guessed at if not totally unrecognized. Ahhh...gimme some way of detecting surface pressures from space!! Now there's an area worth researching! Cheers, Kevin from Wycheproof. >From: Jimmy Deguara >Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com >To: aussie-weather at world.std.com >Subject: Re: aus-wx: Sydney now flying three sondes daily >Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 18:14:41 +1000 > >Hi Don, > >The thing that annoys me is that they were much more readable - with 2hPa >contour intervals. How much I would like to go back to the quality they had >back then!!!! You could see the troughs and compare with the satellite >pictures. I was looking at some of the charts of the past Michael Bath has >in his books and I know you have Don, and I tell you, I enjoyed seeing them >and wish some of the conditions we experienced back then occurred this >spring!!! > >Enough said.... Dry day here in Schofields with humidity levels beginning >to increase with the NE sea breezes. We have cumulus patches from the NE >this afternoon. > >Cheers. > >Jimmy Deguara > >At 06:04 AM 4/10/00 +1000, you wrote: >>Matthew.. >>I remember the day when the 3 pm chart was printed in the following >>morning's paper - now its the 00Z ! That's computerisation for you. >>Sydney's afternoon paper The Sun used to have the 9 am chart in its 1st >>(midday) edition. >>If a newspaper could have a 9 am chart in a printed form 30 years ago, >>why the hell is there at least a 3 hour delay on the net today???? >> But then again, we shouldn't bag the Bureau, should we?? >> >>don W >>PS I also remember when the Bureau put out 2 manual progs per day - that >>was only a year or two ago - more progress. >> >> >>Pearce wrote: >> > >> > Yes this is definitely a good thing, but has it come at the expense of >>other >> > forecasting tools? MSLP charts now only seem to appear at 4am, 10am, >>4pm and >> > 10pm, and are always CONSIDERABLY delayed(like up to 3 hours) before >>they >> > appear on the net. It would be great if we had both soundings and >>surface >> > charts available frequently... >> > >> > Matt >> > >> > >>+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ >> > To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail >>to:majordomo at world.std.com >> > with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of >>your >> > message. >> > >>-----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ >> +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ >> To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail >>to:majordomo at world.std.com >> with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your >> message. >> -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ > >----------------------------------------- >Jimmy Deguara >Storm Chaser and Mathematics Teacher > >from >Schofields, Sydney >NSW Australia > >e-mail:jdeguara at ihug.com.au > >Web Page with Michael Bath > >Australian Severe Weather Home Page >http://www.australiasevereweather.com > >President of the Australian Severe Weather Association >http://www.severeweather.asn.au > >+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ >To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com >with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your >message. >-----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------ X-Originating-IP: [203.171.105.207] From: "Kevin Phyland" To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Subject: aus-wx: Website update... Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2000 22:29:47 EST X-OriginalArrivalTime: 04 Oct 2000 12:29:47.0790 (UTC) FILETIME=[C8A9FAE0:01C02DFE] Sender: aussie-weather-approval at world.std.com Reply-To: aussie-weather at world.std.com Hi every1, I've just uploaded the September synoptic (upper/surface/temperature) archive on my site: http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/manchester/4/ Section F: WeatherInfo ---> then AUSTRALIAN SYNOPTIC ARCHIVE (I've also corrected a glitch - my own - that made August quite difficult to access!!) Cheers, Kevin from Wycheproof. _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ To unsubscribe from aussie-weather send e-mail to:majordomo at world.std.com with "unsubscribe aussie-weather your_email_address" in the body of your message. -----------------------jacob at iinet.net.au------------------------------